School Counselor Exam Flashcards
(151 cards)
1
Q
Piagets theory: Sensoriomotor stage- age and characteristics
A
Ages Birth- 2 years
Object permeance (things continue to exist even when they cannot be seen)
2
Q
Piagets theory: Preoperational stage- age and characteristics
A
Ages- 2 to 7 years old
Begin to think symbolically; Tend to be egocentric; think concretely
3
Q
Piagets theory: Concrete operational stage- age and characteristics
A
Ages 7 to 11 years old
Begin to think logically; Concept of Conservation (amount of liquid in a small wide cup is the same amount as in a tall skinny cup); decentration (people see the world in different ways)
4
Q
Piagets theory: Formal operational stage- age and characteristics
A
Ages 12 and up; Begin to think abstractly; Scientific reasoning; Can deal with hypothetical problems
5
Q
Piagets theory: Schemas
A
Categories of knowledge that help us to interpret and understand the world
6
Q
Piagets theory: Assimilation
A
Taking in new information into our already existing schemas
7
Q
Piagets theory: Accomodation
A
The ability to change existing schemas in light of new information
8
Q
Piagets theory: Equilibration
A
Striking a balance between assimilation and accomodation
9
Q
Eriksons 8 stages of psychosocial development : Stage 1?
A
Trust versus mistrust
10
Q
Trust versus mistrust age
A
Ages 0-1.5 years old
11
Q
Stage 2? Eriksons stages of psychosocial development
A
Autonomy vs Shame
12
Q
Autonomy versus shame age
A
Ages 1.5-3 years old
13
Q
Stage 3 Eriksons Psychosocial development
A
Initiative versus guilt
14
Q
Initiative versus guilt age
A
Ages 3-5 years
15
Q
Stage 4 Erikson
A
Industry versus Inferiority
16
Q
Industry versus inferiority age
A
Ages 5-12 years old
17
Q
Stage 5 Erikson
A
Identity versus role confusion
18
Q
Identity versus role confusion age
A
Ages 12-18 years old
19
Q
Stage 6 Erikson
A
Intimacy versus isolation
20
Q
Intimacy versus isolation age
A
18-40 years old
21
Q
Stage 7 Erikson
A
Generativity versus stagnation
22
Q
Generativity versus stagnation age
A
40-65 years old
23
Q
Stage 8 Erikson
A
Ego integrity versus despair
24
Q
Ego integrity versus despair age
A
65+ years old
25
Robert Havinghurst theory of psychosocial development stage 1- Infancy/early childhood ages and characteristics
Ages birth-6; Learn to crawl, talk, and walk; being potty trained
26
Havinghurst stage 2- Middle childhood ages and characteristics
Ages 6 to 12; Learning social rules, values, and morality
27
Havinghurst stage 3- Adolescence ages and characteristics
Ages 13 to 18; Growing independence, handling physical changes of puberty
28
Havinghurst stage 4- Early adulthood ages and characteristics
Ages 19 to 30; Becoming a mate, spouse, and or a parent
29
Havinghurst stage 5- Middle age, ages and characteristics
Ages 30-60; Finding satisfaction at work, exploring hobbies, start of aging
30
Havinghurst stage 6- Later maturity, ages and characteristics
Ages 60+; Changing living situations, Coping with physical changes of aging
31
Freuds Theory of Psychosocial Development: Id
Pleasure principle; Primitive and unconcerned with morality or rationality
32
Freud: Ego
Logical and stable; concerned with higher thought processes
33
Freud: Superego
Contains or inhibits antisocial behavior
34
Freuds stages of Psychosocial development: Oral ages and characteristics
Ages birth to 1 years old- Everything goes into the mouth
35
Freud Psychosocial development- Anal ages and characteristics
Ages 1 to 3 years old; Primary focus on potty training
36
Freud Psychosocial development- Phallic ages and characteristics
Ages 3 to 6; Oedipus complex and Electra complex, defines the attraction children felt for the other gendered parent
37
Freud Psychosocial development- Latent, ages and characteristics
Ages 6-11; Superego resigns; Children learn to delay gratification
38
Freud Psychosocial development- Genital ages and characteristics
Ages 11-18; People begin to engage in mature sexual relationships
39
Oppression- Ableism
targeting persons identified by different abilities/disabilities
40
Oppression- Beautyism
targeting persons who are obese or otherwise fall outside of expected appearance norms
41
Oppression- Familyism
targeting persons whose family falls outside of expected norms, such as single parents or same gendered parents
42
Oppression- Linguicism
targeting persons because they do not speak the dominant language, or do so with a marked accent
43
Culture can refer to more than one thing, such as the following 5 things:
Race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and different levels of ability
44
One of the common goals of a community outreach program is to....
increase multicultural sensitivity and communication in the community and in areas surrounding the school campus
45
Data collection: Academic Achievement sources (3)
standardized test scores, grade point averages, retention and graduation rates
46
Data collection: Graduation readiness competencies sources (2)
Number of students with four year plans on file and the number of students who have participated in workshops
47
IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) was implemented to ensure that....
eligible school-aged students with disabilities received the opportunity for a reasonable education
48
"Eligible students" definition
Students who exhibit any single or combination of 13 identified disabilities
49
If a disability has a minimal or non negative effect on learning, then the student may not be eligible for _______ resources, but rather reasonable accomodations under _________ _____
IDEA; Section 504
50
Autism is a disability that affects ________ _____________ as well as _________ and ____ __________ communications
social interactions, verbal and nonverbal
51
How does Autism manifest? (4 ways)
Repetitive activities, stereotypical movements, resistance to changes in routine or environment, and unusual responses to stimuli
52
Autism is usually evident in children before the age of _____ years old
3 years old
53
Developmental delay refers to a significant ________ lapse between the ages ____ and ____ that can not be accounted for by any other identified disability
cognitive, ages 3 and 9
54
Emotional disturbance refers to a ___________ of symptoms that encompass a general inability to ______ or _______ which presents over a long period of time and to a marked degree
spectrum, cope or learn
55
Intellectual disabilities refers to a significantly ____-_________ intellectual functioning that may exist alongside deficits in adaptive behavior and may manifest during the ______________ period
sub-average, developmental
56
IEPs (Individualized Education Plans) do what for students?
Address their needs
57
Informal assessments occur in three different ways?
classroom setting, in conversation with the student, or by observation
58
Formal assessments operates within a __________, a set of ____________, that incorporates behavioral ______________, measurements of _____-____________, _______ scales, and inventories of _______ and ____________
rubric, set of rubrics, checklists, self-perception, value scales, and skills and interests
59
John Holland 6 Personality Types
Realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional
60
The _____________ _________ ___________ allows students to explore different careers
Occupational Outlook Handbook
61
MMPI stands for?
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
62
MMPI is an assessment for people whom there is a suspicion of ____________ problems that run deeper than ___________
Personality problems, neuroses
63
Strong Interest Inventory is a _________ inventory, that gives the test taker an idea of his or her inclinations in the ________________ area
career, vocational
64
The results of the WAISC-II tell a student at which level they will be placed in __________ _______________
academic coursework
65
The Beck Depression Inventory would be administered to a student where there is suspicion of ______________
depression
66
Achievement tests are also referred to as _______-_________ tests
high-stakes
67
The Stanford Achievement Test will determine whether a student will graduate ______-__________, go to _________, and which _________ will accept him or her
high school, college, college(s)
68
IQ tests have a mean of ________ and a standard deviation of _____
100, 15
69
On an IQ test, what would be the score of a standard deviation of 1 below normal and 1 standard deviation above normal?
Below= 85
Above= 115
70
An IQ score of ____ or above makes a student considered gifted
130 or above
71
An IQ score of _____ or below is indicative of an _____________ __________
85 or below, intellectual disability
72
Reliability is often known as ____________
Consistency
73
Validity
"Is this test measuring what it claims to measure"?
74
Triadic-dependent consultation model
Partnership formed between the counselor, parents, and/or school staff to provide indirect services to a student
75
In the Triadic-dependent consultation model, the counselor works directly with ____________, and augments that work by consulting with ___________, _________ _____________, and ___________ ______________
students, parents, school teachers, and school counselors
76
Collaborative-dependent consultation model is a partnership but one in which the counselor plays more of a role as _______________ rather than a _____________
participant rather than a facilitator
77
In the Collaborative-dependent model, the counselor is expected to contribute to ________-__________ expertise, but is not the _____ _________
problem solving, sole expert
78
In the Collaborative-interdependent consultation model, the partnership may be comprised of _________, __________, ___________, _________ ______________, and _____________ members, all of which play an __________ role
family, counselor, students, school personnel, and community members, equal role
79
Blooms taxonomy, from bottom to top: (There are 6)
1. Remember
2. Understand
3. Apply
4. Analyze
5. Evaluate
6. Create
80
Kohlberg's 1st stage of moral development
Pre conventional
81
Preconventional stage broken into 2 stages, which are?
Avoiding punishment and self-interest
82
Preconventional stage ages and idea
ages 3-7; Moral reasoning based on Reward and Punishment
83
Kohlberg's 2nd stage of moral development
Conventional
84
Conventional stage ages and idea
Ages 8-13; Moral reasoning based on external ethics
85
Conventional stage broken into 2 stages, which are?
Good boy attitude and Law and order morality
86
Kohlbergs 3rd stage
Post Conventional
87
Post Conventional stage ages and idea
Adulthood (14+) ; Moral reasoning based on personal ethics
88
Post Conventional Stage broken down into 2 stages, which are?
Social Contract and Principle
89
Maslows hierarchy of needs (from bottom of pyramid to the top) and one example
1. Physiological needs (water)
2. Safety and Security (health)
3. Love and Belonging (Friendships)
4. Self-Esteem (Confidence)
5. Self-Actualization (Morality)
90
As a rule of thumb, younger elementary students should have group sessions last for about _____ minutes and should include _____ group members
20 minutes; 5 members
91
As a rule of thumb, older elementary students should have group sessions that last ____ to ______ minutes in a group of about ____
30-45 minutes; 7 members
92
As a rule of thumb, high school students should have group sessions that last for ____-____ minutes, in a group of about __-___ students
40-50 minutes; 6-8 students
93
Tuckman's five group stages
Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning
94
Forming
Creating a team with clear structures, goals, directions, and roles to build trust
95
Storming
Team members enter conflict; stage of frustration and confusion
96
Norming
Member's shift their energy to the team goals and show an increase in productivity
97
Performing
Team makes significant progress towards its goals;
98
Adjourning
Prepare to close out the group and work out feelings
99
At risk student definition
When a student shows decline in any or all of the areas of physical, mental, social, spiritual, or economic health, they are considered at risk
100
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
Provides for continuing public education through grade 12
101
No Child Left Behind Act places a special focus on ensuring that states and schools boost the performance of specific groups, such as ________ __________ _________, students in _________ __________, and ______ and ____________ children
English Language Learners, special education, poor and minority children
102
Under the No Child Left Behind Act, states must test students in the subjects of _____ and _________ in grades 3-8 and once in _____ __________
Math and reading; High school
103
The Every Student Succeeds Act replaced which Act?
The No Child Left Behind Act
104
Family Education Rights and Privacy Act
Protects the privacy of student records
105
Examples of School-Wide traumas (3)
natural disasters, school shootings, and gang activity
106
Examples of Individual traumas (4)
Family illness, depression, domestic abuse, and suicide
107
Crisis intervention serves to provide __________ _______ and and help victims develop _________ ______
immediate support; Coping skills
108
3 logistical considerations in school crisis intervention plans
Locations, Communication needs, and other considerations
109
Common circumstances that precipitate suicide are ____________, ____________, and a sense of _________________ or __________________
alcoholism, depression, hopelessness or helplessness
110
Encouraging Students to self-report substance abuse: CAGE acronym
Cutting down, Annoyance factor, Guilt factor, Eye opener
111
The grief process encompasses the following five major stages?
Shock and denial, anger, bargaining, hopelessness and depression, and acceptance
112
Stage 1: Shock and denial; Counselors help students identify their ________
fears
113
Stage 2: Anger; questioning of why this loss was __________________ on ______
perpetrated on them
114
Stage 3: Bargaining; The student may attempt to ____________ with a ___________ ________ in an attempt to ______ the loss
negotiate, higher power, undo the loss
115
Stage 4: Hopelessness and depression; tends to be the ___________ stage, and may include feelings of ____________
longest; sadness
116
Stage 5: Acceptance; Student __________ to his or her new _____ _______________
adjusts, life circumstances
117
ASCA describes a comprehensive guidance program in terms of three broad topics:
Academic development, career development, personal/social development
118
What is disaggregated data analysis?
Studying test results for specific subgroups of students
119
What are responsive services provided by a comprehensive guidance program? (3)
Small group counseling, individual counseling, and teacher consultations
120
A teacher asks a counselor for advice on how to manage a particularly rowdy class. The counselor observes the class and suggests some classroom mangement techniques. In this situation, the counselor is assuming the role of
Helper
121
A guidance counselor works with a therapist from a community agency to design a program for a student with obsessive compulsive disorder. The counselor is assuming what role?
Collaborator
122
Brofenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory is broken down into 5 categories. They are?
Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem, and Chronosystem
123
Primary Prevention
Intervening before effects occur
124
Secondary Prevention
Aims to reduce the of a behavior that has already occurred
125
Tertiary Prevention
Aims to soften the effect of a behavior that has become severe
126
Proximal Outcomes (Goals)
Short Term Goals
127
Distal Outcomes (Goals)
Long Term Goals
128
Addressing Career Development: The goal for students K-5 is ....
Career Awareness
129
Addressing Career Development: Middle school students should be encouraged to explore __________, investigating how their interests or strengths could lead to ____________ work
Careers; satisfying
130
Career Development: The focus for high school students should be on administering........
Career inventories
131
Formative assessments describe skills that are being __________
formed
132
Formative assessments examples
Quizzes, homework, Observations
133
Summative assessments are used to ____________ student learning at the _____ of an instructional unit
evaluate; end (Summary)
134
Summative assessment examples
State assessments, District benchmarks, Final exams
135
3 examples of qualitative assessments?
Focus groups, interviews, and observations
136
The purpose of process evaluation is to determine if the __________ is appropriately _____________ in all areas
program; implemented
137
3 examples of databases where peer-reviewed articles can be located?
ERIC, PsychLIT, PsychINFO
138
4 components of the ASCA National Model
define, manage, assess, and deliver
139
4 themes os the ASCA National Model
Leadership, advocacy, collaboration, and systemic change
140
Process Data
What was the process and who was involved?
141
Perception Data and examples
What do people think they can do?
Examples: Pre/post test, survey, needs assessment
142
Outcome Data
People can show you evidence or proof of impact; What impact has it made for the long-term?
143
Bowlbys Attachment Theory: Pre Attachment
Ages Birth to 6 weeks; Baby shows no particular attachment to specific caregiver
144
Indiscriminate stage
Ages 6 weeks to 7 months; Infant begins to show preference for primary and secondary caregivers
145
Discriminite stage
Ages 7+ months; Infant shows strong attachment to one specific caregiver
146
Multiple stage
Ages 10+ months; Growing bonds with other caregivers
147
Brofenbrenners theory: Microsystem ex. (5)
Work, School, Friends, Family, Neighbors
148
Brofenbrenners theory: Mesosystem ex
Relationships between parents and teachers or interactions between peers and family
149
Brofenbrenners theory: Exosystem (4)
Mass media, Parents friends, Local Government, Extended family
150
Brofenbrenners theory: Macrosystem (4)
Culture, Political Systems, Economic system, Social Norms
151
Brofenbrenners theory: Chronosystem (1)
Time
