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STEM-11 QUARTER 1 > SCI 1 > Flashcards

SCI 1 Flashcards

Earth Science (88 cards)

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1
Q

Our universe began with an explosion of space itself called the

A

BIG BANG

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2
Q

the universe was once very small and very hot, and then it expanded Over time until it reached its peak (w/o may be percieved as a massive explosion for some around 13.7 billion yrs ago) considered the first age of the universe.

A

BIG BANG THEORY

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3
Q

no charge

A

neutrons

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4
Q

negative charge

A

electrons

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5
Q

positive charge

A

protons

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6
Q

Is a thermal radiation. Used in observational cosmology because it is considered the oldest light in the Universe

A

COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND

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7
Q

AFTER glow of the Big Bang

A

COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND

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8
Q

Recent measurement of the age of the universe is

A

13.82 BILLION YRS

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9
Q

According to this theory the early was a rapidly expanding bubble of universe pure vacuum energy. It did hot have any matter or radiation.

A

COSMIC INFLATION THEORY

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10
Q

not moving

A

POTENTIAL ENERGY

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11
Q

moving

A

KINETIC ENERGY

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12
Q

many puzzles that arose in the BIG BANG THEORY

A

a. Homogenety of the objects in space
b. Apperance of flatness at smoothness
c. The Formation of stars and star system in later years

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13
Q

states that the universe is always expanding it also states that the new matter is constantly Formed as the universe continues to spread

A

STEADY STATE THEORY

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14
Q

also called stellar system is a small number of stars that orbit each other

A

Star System

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15
Q

model used to explain the formation and evolution of the solar system

A

NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS

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16
Q

star system was Formed from a rotating cloud of gas called

A

NEBULA

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17
Q

describes the Formation of the planets as asserted in the nebular hypothesis

A

PLANETISIMAL THEORY

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18
Q

a star passed close to the sun where the tidal Force or the secondary effect of gravitational pull between the passing star and the sun drew large amount of matter out of the Sun and the Passing star.

A

TIDAL THEORY

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19
Q

4 outer planets are called

A

gas planets

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20
Q

4 inner planets are called

A

terrestrial planets

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21
Q

The
nearest
planet to the
sun

A

MERCURY

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22
Q

The hottest planet

A

VENUS

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23
Q

The only planet with living organisims

A

EARTH

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24
Q

Known
as the
red
planet
because
it is covered
with
Fine reddish
soil

A

MARS

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25
Largest planet
JUPITER
26
Most beautiful planet
SATURN
27
blue planet with a thin ring
URANUS
28
also a blue planet similar to uranus
NEPTUNE
29
Are small rocks similar to the material that formed the planets. They orbit at the sun too
ASTEROIDS
30
most asteroids are located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter called the
ASTEROID BELT
31
Composed of dust and rock particles mined in with Frozen water, methane and ammonia
COMETS
32
The most popular comet which takes 76 yrs to orbit the sun
HALLEY'S COMET
33
are small rocky Fragments OF debris Floating through space
METEOROIDS
34
When it hits Earth, it is called
METEORITE
35
When a meteorite strikes on the surface Of the moon or planet, a hole is Formed called a
CRATER
36
Are days when the sun reaches its Farthest destination northern and southern destination
SOLSTICE
37
occurs on December 21 or 22 and marks the beginning of Winter, this is the shortest day of the year.
Winter Solstice
38
it occurs on June 21 and marks the beginning summer, this is the longest day of the year
Summer Solstice
39
days on which day and night are equal
EQUINOXES
40
occurs in late March,
Vernal Equinox
41
occurs in late September,
Autumnal Equinox
42
which states that organisms interact with their inorganic surroundings and create a self-regulating, complex system that helps maintain the conditions necessary for life on the planet.
Gaia Hypothesis
43
is the solid portion of Earth that includes the interior structure, rocks and minerals, landforms, down to the deep depths of the core and the processes that shape Earth's surface.
geosphere
44
Scientists that study this part of Earth are called
GEOLOGISTS
45
covers only Earth's crustal part and upper mantle.
lithosphere
46
discontinuity-between upper & lower crust
Conorod
47
discontinuity- between lower crust & upper mantle
Mohorovicc
48
discontinuity- between upper & lower Mantle
Repiti
49
discontinuity- between lower Mantle & outer Core
Guttenberg
50
discontinuity -between outer & inner core
Lehmann
51
Three Main Layers of the Earth
a. crust b. mantle c. core
52
two types of waves traveling through Earth
a. p waves b. s waves
53
which travel fast through both solids and liquids
p waves
54
which slowly travel only through solids.
s waves
55
Seismologists and volcanologists study the components of Earth through
seismic waves
56
Most of the crust is composed of elements that include
oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium
57
made of solid rock.
MANTLE
58
At the upper part of the mantle directly below the crust is the
asthenosphere
59
rocks embedded with another rock
xenoliths
60
made up of iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni)
CORE
61
iron in liquid form
outer core
62
iron in solid form
inner core
63
it is the primary source of earth's magnetic field
iron
64
It is the total amount of water found on Earth
Hydrosphere
65
Energy from the sun heats up the surface of the Earth, causing the temperature of the water in our rivers, lakes and oceans to rise
Evaporation
66
Plants and trees also lose water to the atmosphere through their leaves. This process is known as
transpiration
67
As water vapor rises up high into the sky, it cools and turns back into a liquid, forming clouds
Condensation
68
When too much water has condensed, the water droplets in the clouds become Precipitation too big and heavy for the air to hold them. And so they fall back down to Earth as rain, snow, hail or sleet, a process known as
precipitation
69
is found on Earth's surface
Surface water
70
found below the ground.
groundwater
71
has higher salt content and is found in larger bodies of water such as oceans,seas,bays and gulfs.
Salt water
72
found in lakes.rivers.streams.springs and falls.Because of its lower salt content
Fresh water
73
Water that reaches land directly may flow across the ground and collect in the oceans, rivers or lakes. This water is called
surface run-off
74
is the blanket of gases or vapors that surrounds the earth, and held together by the force of gravity
atmosphere
75
are present in different concentrations at different places and times.
Variable gases
76
are the ones, whose concentrations do not change over time, and their concentrations almost remain same.
Constant gases
77
There are two types of atmospheric structures such as
a. Thermal structure b. Magneto-electronic structure.
78
Chronical order of the layers of atmosphere
a. TROPOSPHERE b. STRATOSPHERE c. MESOSPHERE d. THERMOSPHERE e. EXOSPHERE
79
Bottom layer of the atmosphere
TROPOSPHERE
80
lid over the troposphere, where temperature stops decreasing with height
Tropopause
81
Second lowest layer of atmosphere. Very little weather occurs
STRATOSPHERE
82
Where the temperature reaches a maximum of 10°C
Stratopause
83
The coldest temperatures in Earth's atmosphere occur at the top of this layer
mesopause
84
The stratosphere and mesosphere together are sometimes referred to as the
middle atmosphere
85
a layer extending from approximately 30 to 50 miles (50 to 85 km) above the surface
MESOSPHERE
86
is located above 80 km from earth
THERMOSPHERE
87
is the most region distant atmospheric from Earth's surface
EXOSPHERE
88
is considered an open system when it comes to the transfer of energy and a closed system when it comes to matter that make up all living components of Earth.In this system,an organism can consume another organism to allow energy to transfer to other orders of consumers in the ecosystem.Life exist in all the subsystems of Earth-on land (geosphere).in water (hydrosphere) and in the air (atmosphere)
BIOSPHERE

STEM-11 QUARTER 1 (8 decks)

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