sci 4th q bio Flashcards
1
Q
fertilization
A
when the sperm meets the egg and forms a zygote
2
Q
where fertilization happens exactly
A
it happens in the ampulla in the fallopian tube (uterine/oviduct) of the female repro
3
Q
functions of male reproductive system
A
- production of male hormones
- production of spermatozoa
- sustaining and transfer of spermatozoon to the female
4
Q
what is copulation
A
the transferring of spermatozoon to the female
5
Q
term for early puberty
A
precocious puberty
6
Q
term for late puberty
A
eunuchoidism puberty
7
Q
external genitalia of the male reproductive system
A
gonads, scrotum, and penis
8
Q
when a male is born and the alignment of the penis is higher than normal
A
cryptorchidism
9
Q
purpose of scrotum
A
thermoregulation, regulates the temperature
10
Q
how does thermoregulation work in the scrotum
A
cold: the cremaster muscle pulls the scrotum closer to the body so it can get body heat
hot: the cremaster muscle pulls the scrotum farther from the body to get away from body heat
- then the dartos muscle is responsible for the texture (wrinkly or smooth)
11
Q
2 types of muscles in the wall of scrotum
A
cremaster and dartos
12
Q
layers inside the scrotum
A
tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea
13
Q
sperms are developed in ___________
A
seminiferous tubules
14
Q
leydig cells
A
exact cells that produces testosterone
15
Q
sertoli cells
A
nourishes the young cell to become a developed cell
16
Q
spermatic cord contains what
A
contains blood vessels that supply o2 and nerves
17
Q
epididymis
A
where the maturation of the spermatozoon happens
18
Q
parts of epididymis
A
head, body, and tail
19
Q
what is produced in seminiferous tubules
A
sperm and testosterone
20
Q
why are immature spermatozoon considered immature?
A
because their tail is underdeveloped
21
Q
where does sperm develop
A
periphery
22
Q
supplies oxygenated blood to the testicles
A
testicular artery
23
Q
supplies oxygenated blood to cremaster muscle
A
cremasteric artery
24
Q
gets the deoxygenated blood from cremaster muscle and goes to the heart to get oxygen
A
cremasteric vein
25
supplies oxygenated blood to vas deferens
artery to the vas deferens
26
drains venous blood from the testes into the testicular vein
Pampiniform plexus of testicular veins
27
genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
28
passageway of mature cells
ductus deferens (vas deferens)
29
where all immature spermatozoa meet and converge
rete testis
30
immature spermatozoa leaves the seminiferous tubules through a passage called ________
efferent ductules
31
part where mitosis undergoes
lumen
32
It is a passageway for sperm and fluids from the reproductive system and urine from the urinary system.
urethra
33
a cylindrical pendant organ located anterior to the scrotum and functions to transfer sperm to the vagina
penis
34
parts of vas deferens
epididymal vas deferens
prostatic vas deferens
ampulla
35
ampulla and seminal vesicle converge as one to create a passage called _______
ejaculatory duct
36
semen is made out of ____
spermatozoa and fluids
37
penis consists of 3 columns of erectile tissue, what are the two dorsal columns called?
corpora cavernosa
38
penis consists of 3 columns of erectile tissue, what is the single midline ventral column called?
corpus spongiosum
39
what is the function of corpus spongiosum
ejaculation
40
what produces hormones
glands
41
types of glands in the male reproductive system
prostate gland
seminal vesicle
bulbourethral / couper's gland
42
donut shaped gland
prostate gland
43
what fluid helps with decoagulation of spermatozoa and other fluids and where is it produced?
prostatic fluid from prostate gland
44
seminal vesicle produces what fluid
seminal fluid
45
fluids in seminal fluid and its purpose
fructose - energy supply
fibronigen - para magsama sama all substances
prostaglandin - atp concentration
46
what is coagulation
when substances from seminal vesicle and spermatozoa from ampulla becomes one substance
47
bulbourethral gland produces what fluid and what is its purpose
alkaline fluid that neutralizes urine left in the walls of the urethra
48
hormones in men
testosterone
gonadtropin releasing hormone
luteinizing hormone
follicle stimulating hormone
49
what is gonadtropin releasing hormone (GmRH)
a hormone na target area is pituitary gland and produces lh and fsh
50
what is luteinizing hormone
luteinizing hormone (lh) stimulates laydig cells, since laydig cells produce testosterone. so lh stimulates laydig cells kaya produces more testosterone
51
what is follicle stimulating hormone
it stimulates sertoli cells, so stimulating fsh would furthur nurture spermatozoa
52
male : infinite spermatozoa, female : ____________
finite egg cells
53
what is oogenesis
process of producing egg cells
54
fucntions of fem repro
- oogenesis
- copulation
- hormone production
- provide sites for egg fertilization, implantation, and development
- acts as birth canal
55
hormones in women
- progesterole
- prolactin
- oxytocin
56
what is progesterole
the hormone in preparation for gestation
- ito yung nagpapakapal ng endometrium for gestation
57
where does fertilization happens
ampulla in fallopian tube
58
what is prolactin
the hormone that stimulates milk production
59
first type of breast milk na lumalabas, yellowish and contains anti-bodies
colostrum
60
what is implantation
when the zygote plants itself in the walls of the uterus
61
what is oxytocin
hormone for the widening of hips during gestation
62
main function of fallopian tube (uterine/oviduct)
fertilization
63
parts of the fallopian tube
fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus
64
what is the purpose of fimbriae
parang broom like structure, it catches ovum from ovary kasi may gap from fallopian tube and ovary
64
what is the purpose of fimbriae
parang broom like structure, it catches ovum from ovary kasi may gap from fallopian tube and ovary
65
wave like motion in order for a substance to travel from one part to another
peristalsis
66
parts of uterus
body, fundus, isthmus
67
where does actual implantation happens
the body of the uterus
68
what connects the uterus to the cervix
isthmus
69
layers of uterus
endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium
70
2 parts of endometrium
stratum basalis
stratum functionalis
71
what layer of the endometrium thickens
stratum functionalis
72
it is in between uterus and vagina
cervix
73
parts of the cervix
internal os, endocervical canal, external os
74
it is repsonsible for copulation
vagina
75
layers of vagina and its functions
mucosal layer - moisturizes
muscular - for constricting and expanding
fibrous - connecting to others
76
ensures semen will be recieved by the vagina
vaginal fornix
77
counterpart of testicles in the female reproductive system
ovaries
78
female gonad
ovaries
79
parts of ovaries
germinal epithelium - outer
tunica albuginea - inner
80
stages of the maturation of follicle and oocyte
1. primordial follicle
2. primary follicle
3. secondary follicle
4. mature (graafian) follicle
81
in primordial follicle, ano ano yung present?
oocyte and granulosa cells
82
female gamete
egg cells
83
male gamete
spermatozoa
84
reproductive cell
gamete
85
primary reproductive hormone for women
estrogen
86
what cell produces estrogen
granulosa cells
87
what is formed in the oocyte
ovum
88
in primary follicle, ano ano ang present?
oocyte, granulosa, and zona pellucida
89
what is added during primary follicle and what is its function
zona pellucida - protein that protects the egg
90
secondary follicle, ano ano ang present?
oocyte, granulosa, zona pellucida, fluid-filled vesicles, theca interna, theca externa
91
what is the purpose of theca interna and theca externa
para maging intact yung buong structure (follicle), and contains the binding structure where the LH binds to
92
fluid-filled vesicles purpose
to nourish the oocyte
93
antrum
fluid-filled vesicles nag combine and become one big substance ye
94
why are there lots of antrum in the follicle
para ma-push sa side ang oocyte para mag pop yung follicle and lumabas ang oocyte
95
what protects the ovum once it leaves the follicle
zona pellucida and cells of the corona radiata
96
corpus luteum produces progesterone in preparation for ?
in preparation for implantation and gestation and thickening of the endometrium
97
what stimulates corpus luteum to further produce progesterone after implantation?
human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG)
98
what produces gonadotropin releasing hormone
hypothalamus gland
99
process of programmed cell death
apoptosis
100
the entire external genitalia of women
valva
101
where urine exits/excretes the body
urethral orifice
102
rounded mass of fatty tissue lying over the joint of the pubic bones
mons pubis
103
small mass of erectile tissue for sexual arousal
clitoris
104
composed of blood vessels that covers the vagina
hymen
105
area between vagina and anus
perineum
106
when perineum is cut
episiotomy
107
mammary gland
breast
108
pigmented area surrounding the nipple
areola
109
has ducts where milk passes through
alveoli/alveolus
110
stimulates production of milk
prolactin
111
area where milk is stored
lactiferous sinus
