Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Science 10F > SCIENCE 10 Q4 NOTES EXAM > Flashcards

SCIENCE 10 Q4 NOTES EXAM Flashcards

(79 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the primary functions of the reproductive system?

A

Produces, transports and sustains gametes, nurtures offspring, produces hormones, provides a conduit for urinary elimination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the primary sex organs (gonads) in the male and female reproductive systems?

A

Testes (male) and Ovaries (female).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens when the sperm and ovum meet?

A

They create a diploid cell that holds all genetic instructions for making a baby.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the parts of the female reproductive organs?

A
  • Mammary glands
  • Vulva
  • Clitoris
  • Perineum
  • Vagina
  • Uterus
  • Ovaries
  • Fallopian tubes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of mammary glands?

A

Secretes milk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the role of the clitoris?

A

Contains female erectile tissue and is rich in sensory nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of Bartholin’s glands?

A

Secretes mucus during sexual arousal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the structure and function of the vagina?

A

Receives erect penis, serves as passage for delivery of offspring and uterine secretions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three layers of the uterine wall?

A
  • Endometrium
  • Myometrium
  • Perimetrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the functions of the ovaries?

A

Produce and release ova and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the fallopian tube?

A

Propels ovum towards the uterus and is the site of fertilization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the menstrual cycle?

A

Regular changes in uterine lining resulting in monthly bleeding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is menarche?

A

First menstrual period.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is menopause?

A

Termination of the menstrual cycle due to normal aging of ovaries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is semen?

A

Thick, yellowish alkaline mixture containing nutrients and prostaglandins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the structure of a sperm cell?

A
  • Head
  • Acrosome
  • Midpiece
  • Tail
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the scrotum?

A

Holds testes away from the body and regulates temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the epididymis do?

A

Receives spermatids from seminiferous tubules and allows for maturation of sperm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the role of the prostate gland?

A

Secretes alkaline fluid that activates sperm and prevents them from sticking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the bulbourethral gland?

A

Washes residual urine out of the urethra and raises pH to neutralize acidity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the phases of the reproductive cycle?

A
  • Follicular Phase
  • Ovulation Phase
  • Luteal Phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What hormone stimulates the release of FSH and LH?

A

GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does FSH do in females?

A

Stimulates maturation of the follicle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the role of LH in males?

A

Stimulates production of sperm and secondary male sex characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does estrogen do?
Stimulates proliferation of endometrium and development of female reproductive track.
26
What is the function of progesterone?
Thickening of endometrium and inhibits secretion of FSH and LH.
27
What is the role of testosterone?
Influences male physical characteristics and reproductive functions.
28
What is the endocrine system?
Utilizes chemical release of hormones for widespread signaling.
29
What is the main function of the pituitary gland?
Regulates growth and triggers sexual maturity.
30
What hormones does the thyroid produce?
* Thyroxine (T4) * Triiodothyronine (T3) * Calcitonin
31
What is the function of the pancreas?
Regulates blood sugar and produces digestive enzymes.
32
What does the adrenal gland produce?
* Adrenaline * Norepinephrine
33
What are the two main types of neurons?
* Afferent Neurons (sensory) * Efferent Neurons (motor)
34
What is the function of interneurons?
Connect afferent and efferent neurons.
35
What are the parts of the brain?
* Cerebrum * Cerebellum * Brainstem * Diencephalon
36
What is the role of the cerebellum?
Coordinates voluntary muscle movement and regulates balance.
37
What does the brainstem control?
Involuntary actions such as digestion, heartbeat, and breathing.
38
What are the main parts of the brain?
Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus
39
What does the brain stem control?
Involuntary actions such as digestion, heartbeat, breathing, sneezing, coughing, and swallowing
40
What connects the brain to the spinal cord?
Brain stem
41
What is the function of the midbrain?
Relays information between the spinal cord and cerebrum or cerebellum
42
What does the pons do?
Acts as a bridge that joins the cerebellum with the cerebrum
43
What is the role of the medulla oblongata?
Regulates heart rate, breathing, and reflexes such as swallowing and coughing
44
What is the spinal cord?
A tubelike structure of neurons that extends to other areas of the body
45
What protects the spinal cord?
Bones called vertebrae
46
What is the function of the afferent (sensory) division?
Conducts impulses from the receptors to the CNS
47
What are the subdivisions of the afferent division?
* Somatic Sensory Division * Visceral Sensory Division
48
What does the somatic sensory division detect?
Mechanical stimuli, temperature, balance, light detection
49
What does the visceral sensory division detect?
Chemicals, osmolarity, and temperature
50
What is the function of the sensory (motor) division?
Conducts impulses from the CNS to the effector organs
51
What are the subdivisions of the sensory division?
* Somatic Motor Division * Autonomic Motor Division
52
What does the somatic motor division regulate?
Voluntary efferent neurons and skeletal muscles
53
What does the autonomic motor division regulate?
Involuntary movements such as heartbeat and smooth muscle movements
54
What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for?
Controls involuntary functions and maintains homeostasis
55
What are the subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?
* Sympathetic Nervous System * Parasympathetic Nervous System
56
What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?
Prepares the body for fight or flight
57
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
Helps the body conserve energy and promotes 'rest and digest' response
58
What does the somatic nervous system control?
Voluntary actions like skeletal muscles and sensory neurons of the skin
59
What is the function of DNA?
Contains all the hereditary information in the form of genes
60
What is RNA's role in protein synthesis?
Acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes
61
What is the sequence of protein synthesis?
DNA → RNA → Protein
62
What is the first step of protein synthesis?
Transcription
63
Where does transcription occur?
In the nucleus
64
What enzyme unwinds DNA during transcription?
Helicase
65
What is the sugar in RNA?
Ribose
66
What is the structure of RNA compared to DNA?
RNA is single stranded while DNA is double stranded
67
What is the role of mRNA?
Copies one gene and carries information to the ribosome
68
What is the function of rRNA?
Makes up a large part of ribosome and is responsible for reading mRNA
69
What does tRNA do?
Carries amino acids to the ribosome
70
What is a peptide bond?
The bond between amino acids
71
What is a codon?
Bases on the mRNA strand
72
What is an anti-codon?
Bases on the tRNA strand
73
How are nitrogen bases read in protein synthesis?
3 bases at a time
74
What is the start codon?
AUG
75
What are the stop codons?
* UGA * UAG * UAA
76
What is a chromosomal mutation?
Any change in the structure or number of chromosomes
77
What are examples of chromosomal mutations?
* Chromosomal deletion * Chromosomal duplication * Chromosomal inversion * Chromosomal translation * Nondisjunction
78
What is a gene mutation?
Occurs during protein synthesis and affects the resulting protein
79
What are the types of gene mutations?
* Point mutation * Frameshift mutation

Science 10F (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions