Science 10, Unit 1 Chemistry

Question 1

What subatomic particle does the atomic number represent?

Answer 1

Protons

Question 2

If elements are in the same period what do they have the same number of?

Answer 2

Energy levels (valence shells)

Question 3

Elements in the same group have the same number of…..

Answer 3

Valence electrons

Question 4

Compounds that involve the transfer of electrons are…

Answer 4

Ionic compounds

When showing this, use arrows to show the electron acceptor and donor

Question 5

What are ionic compounds composed of?

Answer 5

Non-metal and a metal

Question 6

Compounds that involve the SHARING of electrons is…

Answer 6

Covalent or molecular compounds

When showing this, use bubbles

Question 7

What are covalent compounds (or molecular) compounds composed of?

Answer 7

2 non-metals

Question 8

What is a diatomic molecule?

Answer 8

A diatomic molecule is an element that when by themselves need to have 2 atoms present. They create a gas.

Question 9

What are the different diatomic molecules?

Answer 9

HOFBrINCl

Question 10

What are the defining characteristics of acids?

Answer 10

• conduct electricity
• taste sour (if they can be tasted)
• can cause severe burns (strong acids)

Question 11

What is acids pH range?

Answer 11

0-6

Question 12

How can you tell if it is an acid?

Answer 12

If the first element in a compound is hydrogen. Ex. HCl

Question 13

What are 3 defining characteristics of bases?

Answer 13

• conduct electricity
• taste bitter
• feel slippery
• can cause severe burns (strong bases)

Question 14

What is the pH range for bases?

Answer 14

8-14

Question 15

How can you tell if a element is a base by looking at just a formula?

Answer 15

OH will be in the end of the formula. OH is hydroxide.

Question 16

What 2 elements are found in all organic compounds?

Answer 16

carbon and hydrogen

Question 17

In this equation, which letters are products, which letters are reactants?
A+B->C+D

Answer 17

Products are C+D

Reactants are A+B

Question 18

The reaction that requires energy to occur is known as an ________ reaction and feels _______ to the touch.

Answer 18

Endothermic

Feels COLD to the touch

Question 19

A reaction that PRODUCES energy when it occurs is known as an ___________ reaction and feels __________ to the touch.

Answer 19

Exothermic

feels HOT to the touch

Question 20

What is the basic form of a combustion reaction?

Answer 20

C_H_

C_H_ + O2 -> CO2 + H2O

Question 21

What type of combustion occurs when there is a plentiful supply of O2?

Answer 21

Complete combustion

Question 22

What type of combustions occurs when there is a limited supply of O2?

Answer 22

Incomplete combustion

Question 23

What is the basic word equation for a neutralization reaction?

Answer 23

Acid +base -> water + salt

Question 24

What is a multivalent element?

Answer 24

An element with more than one possible charge,

They are most likely found in transition metals family located in the middle of the table.

Question 25

What is WHMIS

Answer 25

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System | The purpose is to enable employees and employers to know about the hazards of working with chemicals.

Question 26

What are 3 substances we can use to determine whether a solution is acidic or basic?

Answer 26

pH paper, Litmus paper, synthetic indicators

Question 27

What is meant by the rate of a chemical reaction?

Answer 27

The speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds/occurs.

Question 28

What are the 4 factors that influence the rate of a reaction?

Answer 28

Temperature, particle size, concentration, and catalyst

Question 29

How will changing each factor affect the rate of reaction?

Answer 29

Higher temperature-faster reaction rate Higher concentration- faster reaction rate Smaller particle size- faster reaction rate Catalyst- faster reaction rate

Question 30

What is a catalyst?

Answer 30

A catalyst is a substance which speeds up a reaction, it is chemically unchanged at the end of a reaction Ex KMNO4

Question 31

What is the basic premise of the conservation of mass?

Answer 31

The mass of the product you make in a chemical reaction is the same mass as in the reactants. Mass of the products=mass of reactants

Question 32

What are 3 identifying factors that determine if a reaction resulted in a physical change?

Answer 32

* changes form but keeps the same chemical composition * changes the way substance looks * does not result in a new substance Melting point, colour, boiling point

Question 33

Describe indicators of a physical change

Answer 33

Change in size, shape or location. | Change in state or concentration.

Question 34

What are 5 indicators that a reaction resulted in a chemical change?

Answer 34

* energy taken in or given off in a form of heat or light * formation of gas bubbles * formation of a solid (precipitate) * change of colour •formation of a different odour

Question 35

Describe the characteristics that determine if a chemical change will occur?

Answer 35

* reactivity * combustibility * flammability

Question 36

What are the types of chemical reactions? (Know these!)

Answer 36

``` Single replacement Double displacement Acid base neutralization Combustion reaction Synthesis reaction Decomposition reaction ```

Question 37

Naming ionic compounds

Answer 37

Cation keeps its name, anion drops ending and adds the suffix -ide If multivalent, use roman numerals The polyatomic ions remain the same Remember TO CRISS CROSS AND SIMPLIFY

Question 38

Naming covalent compounds

Answer 38

``` Use prefixes Ex: Mono-1 Di-2 Tri-3 Tetra-4 Penta-5 Hexa-6 Hepta-7 Octa-8 ``` If the first atom in the compound contains only 1 atom, we do not use the prefix mono to indicate this Do not reduce.

Question 39

Naming acids

Answer 39

Binary acid~ H with one other element ex. Hydro______acid Tertiary acid with ATE polyatomics~ Do not use the prefix hydro( only use ______ic acid Tertiary with ITE polyatomics~ do not use prefix hydro, use suffix ________ous acid

Question 40

Naming bases

Answer 40

Ex. Cu(OH)3 Copper (III) hydroxide