SCIENCE Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
outward rapid expansion. It is not an explosion seeing as the universe keeps expanding.
A
Phase 1
2
Q
primitive particles, e.g quarks, etc. Also known as the Plasma Era.
A
Phase 2
3
Q
cooling of the cosmos
combine into protons and neutrons.
A
Phase 3
4
Q
Formation of the elements (Hydrogen and Helium)
A
Phase 4
5
Q
formation of cosmic clouds, galaxies, stars, planets, and other celestial bodies.
A
Phase 5
6
Q
What are the 4 Features of the Earth that support life?
A
Water World, The Goldilocks Zone, A Friendly Moon, Protective Ozone
7
Q
stabilizes our planet’s rotation and it pulls the ocean’s tides
A
Friendly Moon
8
Q
having water in its liquid form at the surface
A
Water World
9
Q
added oxygen to the atmosphere and it shielded early land species from lethal radiation.
A
Protective Ozone
10
Q
The location in the solar system that keeps the Earth’s water into its functional phases is conducive for life.
A
Goldilocks Zone
11
Q
interacting physical, chemical, and biological processes.
land, oceans, atmosphere, and poles
A
Earth System
12
Q
What are the four subsystems/spheres
A
Lithosphere, Biosphere, Hydrosphere, and
Atmosphere
13
Q
This is the gaseous layer that surrounds the Earth and is held in place by gravity.
A
Atmosphere
14
Q
the total amount of water on a planet.
A planet’s hydrosphere can be liquid, vapor or ice.
A
Hydrosphere
15
Q
The part of the planet is made up of rock and minerals
A
Lithosphere
16
Q
What is the other name of Lithosphere?
A
Geosphere
17
Q
It is a global ecosystem composed of living organisms
A
Biosphere
18
Q
Green House Effect is one of the naturally occurring processes on our planet and is not harmful.
TRUE OR FALSE
A
TRUE
19
Q
Runoff can be described as the part of the water cycle that flows overland as surface water instead of being absorbed into groundwater or evaporating. This process is an example of an interaction between the Hydrosphere and Geosphere.
TRUE OR FALSE
A
TRUE
20
Q
The satellite of our planet is one of the reasons why we have abnormal and drastic changes in climate and seasons.
TRUE OR FALSE
A
FALSE, ozone
21
Q
The Theory of the Big Bang states that our universe came into being from a huge explosion.
TRUE OR FALSE
A
FALSE, it is not a huge explosion it is the outwardly rapid expansion
22
Q
Methane and Nitrogen are the gases that are widely available in our Earth’s atmosphere. These gases protect us from the lethal radiation of the sun.
TRUE OR FALSE
A
FALSE, should be Helium and Hydrogen
23
Q
Stabilizes the planet’s axial wobble and keeps the tiltation of the earth for average climate conditions.
A
Earth’s Satelite
24
Q
This is one essential element that made up 71% of the planet and is a necessity to all life forms.
A
Water
25
A protective sheet of 03 gases that keeps us safe from the lethal radiation of the sun.
Ozone
26
It is a unique celestial body where life only exists as its component and natural processes are designed for it.
Earth
27
Why is the Big Bang seen as the first major threshold in this course?
It created the foundation for further complexity later on.
28
What does The Big Bang Theory tell us?
The entire universe was once condensed in a compact and dense singularity.
29
The biosphere is the subsystem that is independent of the three other spheres
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
30
What are the five qualities of minerals?
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not man-made
inorganic
fixed chemical formula
must be solid
orderly crystal structure
```
31
strength with which a mineral resists its surface being scraped or punctured.
specified by the Mohs hardness scale.
Hardness
32
What physical properties of minerals should not be relied upon? Clue: either naturally occurring or formed during the synthesis of a chemical compound.
Color
33
a mineral has space while it grows, it may form natural crystals, with a crystal shape reflecting the geometry of the mineral’s internal crystal lattice.
Crystal Shape
34
the color of a mineral’s powder and it does not vary to the color of the mineral. CLUE: scrape the mineral across an unglazed porcelain plate.
Streak
35
likely to break where the bonds between the atoms are weaker.
Breakage
36
reflection of the light of a mineral’s surface and it is best observed under direct illumination.
Luster
37
Metallic and Deep Red Hematite are examples of what?
Streak
38
- Waxy (Serpentine)
- Vitreous (Beryl)
- Pearly (Calcite)
- Greasy (Chrysocolla)
What examples of classification are in the above?
Luster
39
Gold and Pyrite are an example of what?
Color
40
It is a solid mass of geological materials.
It may be inorganic but they can also include organic materials
It can be composed of only one type of geological material or mineral, but many are composed of several types.
Rock
41
deposition and subsequent cementation of that material within bodies of water and at the surface of the Earth.
Sedimentary
42
What are the examples of Sedimentary Rocks?
Shale, Sandstone, Conglomerate
43
melted rocks that have solidified.
cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks.
Igneous
44
What are the examples of Igneous Rocks
Obsidian, Gabbro, Diorite
45
classified by texture and by chemical and mineral assemblage.
subjected to high temperatures and the great pressure of the rock layers above it.
Metamorphic
46
What are the examples of Metamorphic Rocks?
Schist and Marble
47
Elements are the foundation of Minerals. Thus, all elements are considered minerals.
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
48
Yuina is obsessed with anything that gleams like glass. If you're going to give her a mineral as a gift, what kind of luster should it have?
Vitreous
49
A mineral to break along certain planes to make smooth surfaces is exhibiting _______________________.
Cleavage
50
All igneous rocks are made up of Magma.
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
51
All of the physical characteristics of minerals are result from the internal arrangement of the atoms.
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
52
Megumi breaks the halite into half to check the surface’s reflection under the sun.
Luster
53
Sango scratches quartz to the surface of the diamond and she concluded that diamond is harder than quartz.
Hardness
54
Yona classifies the mineral according to the most obvious physical properties in the naked eye
Color
55
Haku breaks minerals and observed the characteristic structure of the surface
Breakage
56
Nomu scrape the minerals she found in the porcelain plate.
Streak
57
one or two metal elements combined with oxygen.
Oxides
58
contain sulfur atoms bonded to oxygen atoms
Sulfates
59
formed when metallic elements are combined with sulfur.
Sulfides
60
one carbon atom bonded to three oxygen atoms.
Carbonate
61
from a single element, such as golf, copper, silver, or sulfur.
rare and valuable.
Native Elements
62
salts that form when salt water evaporates
| known as halogens (fluorine, chlorine. bromine, or iodine) bond with various metallic atoms
Halides
63
Halogen + Oxygen =?
Halides
64
Sulfur + Oxygen =?
Sulfates
65
Silicon + Oxygen =?
Silicates
66
Native Elements =?
Element
67
Metal + Oxygen =?
Oxides
68
Carbon + Oxygen =?
Carbonates
69
Sulfur + Metal =?
Sulfides
70
Concentration of valuable substances throughout gravity separation during the sedimentary process
Placer Ore Deposits
71
Concentration of valuable substances by hot water-rich liquids through fractures and pores in rocks
Hydrothermal Ore Deposits
72
Accumulation of valuable materials through chemical weathering processes
Residual Ore Deposits
73
Concentrated by chemical precipitation coming from lakes or seawater
Sedimentary Ore Deposits
74
Concentrated within an igneous body through magmatic processes
Magmatic Ore Deposits
75
What was a good reason for minerals to be categorized in groups?
Minerals are grouped because they have different chemical components which provide the least ambiguous basis for identification
76
Mineral groups below have oxygen as their basic component except for what?
Sulfides
77
Kija enjoys collecting minerals that contain metal and oxygen as basic components. Which of the following minerals is the correct example of minerals he enjoys if you were to suggest one?
Magnetite
78
Chemical Formula: PbS, What mineral group is it a member of?
Sulfides
79
How is Earth's water supply being continuously renewed?
Water Cycle
80
Base on the Global Water Distribution presented in our discussion, freshwater is more plentiful than groundwater.
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
81
the importance of soil for society except what?
Soil is the main distributor of particles in erosion
82
Singapore's Water System uses 4 tap water supplies except
Water collected from aquifers
83
Increased nutrient loading from animal waste can lead to abnormal algal growth in water bodies which may eventually damage aquatic ecosystems. This phenomenon is called ____________________.
Eutrophication
84
It is the expansion of desert conditions in areas where the natural plant cover has been destroyed.
Desertification
85
When farm animals occupy large amounts of the land cover.
Overgrazing
86
Mine is left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction of an ore.
Tailings
87
Water that is safe for drinking
Potable Water
88
The destruction or covering of the ground by impermeable material.
Soil Sealing
89
A theory was produced that continents were once united into a single supercontinent named Pangaea, meaning all earth in ancient Greek. Who made this theory and what is it called?
Continental Drift Theory by Alfred Wegener
90
Pangaea broke up long ago and that the continents then moved to their current positions.
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
91
Earth’s solid outer crust, the lithosphere, is separated into plates that move over the asthenosphere, the molten upper portion of the mantle. Oceanic and continental plates come together. What theory is it?
Plate Tectonics Theory
92
The internal and external forces causing stresses and chemical action on earth materials and bringing about changes in the configuration of the surface of the earth.
Geomorphic Processes
93
pressure that originates inside the earth
also called as Internal Forces
it lead to vertical and horizontal movements
Endogenic Forces
94
These are also referred to as Diastrophic forces. It results in changes over some time.
Slow Movements
95
these are the visible motions, and include significant landform changes like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Sudden Movements
96
warping or upliftment of large parts of the earth’s surface.
Epeirogenic motions
97
process of mountain building that involves major folding, and affects the long as well as narrow belts of the surface.
Orogenic movements
98
forces which derive their strength from the earth’s exterior or originate within the earth’s atmosphere
Also called as External Forces
Exogenic Forces
99
What are the main exogenic processes?
Weathering, erosion, and deposition
100
pressure that is created due to the motion of the solid material on the earth’s surface.
also called Tectonism
Diastrophism
101
various processes and phenomena associated with the surficial discharge of molten rock, pyroclastic fragments, or hot water and steam, including volcanoes, geysers, and fumaroles.
Volcanism or Vulcanism
102
sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth’s rocks.
Earthquake
103
disintegration, or alternation of rock
| through physical, chemical, and biological processes induced or modified by wind, water, and climate.
Weathering
104
removal of surface material from Earth’s crust, primarily soil and rock debris, and the transportation of the eroded materials by natural agencies (such as water or wind) from the point of removal.
Erosion
105
The continents in our planet were united into a large supercontinent called Pangea
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
106
What layer of the earth drives and distributes the internal heat found in the mantle specifically in the asthenosphere?
Core
107
The orogenic process is a mountain-building process that causes severe and significant changes in the Earth's surface. On the other hand, the orogenic process…
Changes the planet thru continental-building processes
108
examples of chemical weathering except:
Exfoliation
109
What is Weathering?
The breaking and transporting in situ of huge rocks
110
Exogenic Processes are covered under a term which is ______________________________.
Denudation
111
The tenets under plate tectonics have the foundation of the tenets presented by Alfred Wegener in his Theory of Continental-Drift.
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
112
It is the movement found in the earth's asthenosphere which is the main driving force of lithospheric plate movements.
Convection Current
113
A process is driven by internal forces that lead to vertical and horizontal movements and result in subsidence, land upliftment, volcanism, faulting, folding earthquakes, etc.
Endogenic Process
114
A process is driven by forces that derive their strength from the earth’s exterior or originate within the earth’s atmosphere.
Exogenic Process
115
Plates moving toward each other.
Convergent Plate Boundaries
116
Plates moving in opposite directions.
Divergent Plate Boundaries
117
Interacting plates moving against each other slipping side by side.
Transform Plate Boundaries
118
Major separate rigid blocks of landmasses on the earth’s lithosphere
Plates
119
The settlement of exogenic processes.
Deposition
120
One of the reasons why planet earth’s surface is filled with geological uneven structures.
Geomorphic Processes
