Science

Question 1

What are carbohydrates needed for?

Answer 1

Release energy

Question 2

Which food group is needed for energy?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates

Question 3

Examples of carbohydrates

Answer 3

Bread, rice, pasta, potatoes

Question 4

What kind of enzymes break down carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Carbohydrase

Question 5

What food group does starch belong to?

Answer 5

Carbohydrate

Question 6

Which enzyme breaks down starch?

Answer 6

Amylase

Question 7

What is starch broken down into?

Answer 7

Glucose

Question 8

Examples of foods containing proteins

Answer 8

Nuts, fish, eggs, pulses, meat, tofu, soya, lentils

Question 9

What kind of enzymes break down proteins?

Answer 9

Protease

Question 10

What are proteins broken down into?

Answer 10

Amino acids

Question 11

Why are proteins needed?

Answer 11

Growth and repair

Question 12

What are lipids?

Answer 12

Fats

Question 13

What kind of enzyme breaks down fats?

Answer 13

Lipase

Question 14

What are fats broken down into?

Answer 14

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 15

What kind of foods contain fats?

Answer 15

Butter, Margarine, Oil

Question 16

Why are fats needed?

Answer 16

Insulation, store energy

Question 17

What is the name of the food pipe leading to the stomach?

Answer 17

Oesophagus

Question 18

What is the name of the pipe leading to the lungs?

Answer 18

Trachea

Question 19

Where does the trachea lead?

Answer 19

Lungs

Question 20

Where does gas exchange occur?

Answer 20

Alveoli

Question 21

What is respiration?

Answer 21

Chemical reaction that releases energy from oxygen and glucose

Question 22

Where in the cell does respiration happen?

Answer 22

Mitochondria

Question 23

What gas is needed for respiration?

Answer 23

Oxygen

Question 24

What gas is made in respiration?

Answer 24

Carbon dioxide

Question 25

What are the two reactants in respiration?

Answer 25

Oxygen and glucose

Question 26

What are the two products in respiration?

Answer 26

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 27

Why is fibre needed in the diet?

Answer 27

Prevents constipation Keeps intestines healthy Helps you stay full

Question 28

What kind of food contains fibre?

Answer 28

Fruit and vegetable

Question 29

Why do you need iron in the diet?

Answer 29

Prevents anaemia / helps your red blood cells carry oxygen

Question 30

Describe the colour change for a positive Biurets test

Answer 30

Blue to lilac/purple

Question 31

Describe the test for fats/lipids in food

Answer 31

Add ethanol, then cold water

Question 32

Describe the change in ethanol if fats are present

Answer 32

From colourless and clear to white emulsion

Question 33

Describe the oesophagus

Answer 33

Pipe that carries food to the stomach

Question 34

Describe the trachea

Answer 34

Pipe that carries air to and from the lungs

Question 35

Describe physical digestion in the mouth

Answer 35

Using your teeth to physically break down food

Question 36

Describe chemical digestion in the mouth

Answer 36

Amylase in saliva chemically breaks down food

Question 37

What happens to food in the stomach

Answer 37

Chemically broken by pepsin (a protease enzyme) and mixed up to make it a liquid

Question 38

What happens to food in the small intestines?

Answer 38

Chemical digestion by enzymes Nutrients absorbed into blood

Question 39

What happens in the large intestines?

Answer 39

Water and minerals absorbed

Question 40

How do you calculate BMI?

Answer 40

Weight / height squared Weight in kg Height in metres

Question 41

Why can visking tubing be used to model the intestines?

Answer 41

Small holes which let small molecules and water through but not big ones

Question 42

Describe mechanism of breathing in

Answer 42

Diaphragm and intercostal (rib muscles) contract Diaphragm moves down Ribs move up and out Volume increases Pressure decreases Air moves in

Question 43

Describe mechanism of breathing out

Answer 43

Diaphragm and intercostal (rib muscles) relax Diaphragm moves up Ribs move in Volume decreases Pressure increases Air moves out

Question 44

Difference between breathing and respiration

Answer 44

Breathing is moving air in and out of lungs Respiration is releasing energy from food in your cells

Question 45

How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 45

Lots of them - high surface area Moist surface - to dissolve the gases Small so high surface area to volume ratio Thin so easy for gases to diffuse Close to lots of blood vessels so easy for gases to move in and out from blood

Question 46

Name equipment that can be used to measure lung volume

Answer 46

Spirometer and peak flow meter

Question 47

Define lung volume

Answer 47

Volume of air in your lungs

Question 48

Define breathing rate

Answer 48

Number of breaths per minute

Question 49

What is the job of the nucleus?

Answer 49

Controls the cell and its activities

Question 50

What is the job of the cytoplasm?

Answer 50

It's where the chemical reactions happen

Question 51

What is the job of the cell membrane?

Answer 51

Controls what goes in and out of the cell