Science Flashcards
(171 cards)
1
Q
What is energy?
A
Energy is things that allow us to move around.
2
Q
What do we need energy for?
A
We need it to move and to get electriity.
3
Q
Where does energy come from?
A
The sun
4
Q
What is a fossil fuel?
A
A fossil fuel is a fuel found deep underground- mined to get.
5
Q
How is it formed?
(Fossil fuels)
A
Fossil fuels are formed when the remains of organisms were buried deep in the Earth for millions of years ago, over a long time heat and pressure converted the remains of the organisms into fossil fuels.
6
Q
What is input energy?
A
The energy we need to put in to start a fuel burning.
7
Q
What is output energy?
A
The energy that is produced when a fuel burns.
8
Q
What are examples of fossil fuels?
A
Fossil fuels include:
petroleum (oil) ; coal ; natural gases.
9
Q
How is coal formed?
( ____ + _____ = coal )
A
Animal material + presure / heat = coal.
10
Q
How is Oil formed?
( ____ + _____ = oil )
A
Plant material+Pressure / heat = oil
11
Q
How is natural gas formed?
( ____ + _____ = natural gas)
A
Animal Material + more pressure/heat = natural gas
12
Q
What does light energy do help us with/do and what is an example of it?
A
Makes things visible, a torch.
13
Q
What does kinetic energy help with/do and what is an example of it?
A
Makes things move, running
14
Q
What does thermal energy help with/do and what is an example?
A
Comes from heat, boiling the kettle
15
Q
What does sound energy help with/do and what is an example?
A
Formed by vibrating sound waves, music
16
Q
What does nuclear energy help with/do and what is an example?
A
Energy released during a nuclear reaction when an atom is split / fused, the sun.
17
Q
What does chemical energy help with/do and what is an example?
A
Stored energy that is released during a chemical reation, batteries.
18
Q
What does electrical energy help with/do and what is an example?
A
Energy consumed in the form of eletricity-comes from electrons, electricity.
19
Q
What does potential energy help with/do and what is an example?
A
Energy stored in an object, pogo stick.
20
Q
What are the 3 things on a fire triangle and where are they placed?
A
Fuel-bottom; oxygen-left; heat-right.
21
Q
A flame will only burn if it has 3 things, what are those things and why is it needed?
A
- Fuel-something to burn
- oxygen-found in the air
- Imput energy-something to start the burning.
22
Q
What are the actions to take during a fire, name three?
( you may name all six if wanted )
A
- Stay calm
- stay low to avoid smake
- go to nearest exit
- crawl if neccessary
- call 10111
- check if door is hot before opening it
23
Q
Cells and Batteries:
Where can energy also be stored in and what does that make things do?
A
Cells and batteries makes things operate
24
Q
Cells and Batteries:
Batteries come in many different ___ and ___.
A
Shapes ; Sizes
25
# Cells and Batteries:
Battery used for portable electrical devices
Dry cells
26
# Cells and Batteries:
For a cell to work what is converted, where and into what?
**Chemicals inside a cell** are converted into **electrical energy** / **eletricity**
27
# Cells and Batteries:
A battery is usually a collection of what connected where to where?
Collection of **cells** connect **end** to **end**
28
# Cells and Batteries:
Or a battery could just be ...
| other than a collection of cells
Just one cell
29
# Cells and Batteries:
What does a battery consist of?
An **outer case** and a **carbon rod** in the **centre of cell**
30
# Cells and Batteries:
Give a conductors of electricity?
| (inside a cell)
Carbon rod
31
# Cells and Batteries:
How many **cells** does a car have?
**6** large cells
32
# Cells and Batteries:
What are the names of both ends of cells/batteries?
**Positive** and **negative**
33
# Cells and Batteries:
What are conductors of electricity?
A **material** that **allows electrical curents** to **pass through** them **easily**.
34
# Cells and Batteries:
What do conductors of electricity link and to create what?
Used to **link** the **positive** and **negative** ends creating a **circuit**
35
# Cells and Batteries:
What is a circuit?
A **complete path around which electricity can flow**
36
# Cells and Batteries:
Do switches work when they are open or closed?
Closed
37
# Cells and Batteries:
How do switches work when closed?
Electricity can flow around the circuit and it lights up the light bulb
| LIght bulb / any source being powered by this electricity
38
# Cells and Batteries:
How do switches work when open?
There is a break in the circuit and the light bulb won't glow
| Light bulb / source trying to be powered by the electricity
39
# Cells and Batteries:
Flowing energy
| What is it measured in
amperes (amps.)
40
# Cells and Batteries:
Electrical energy stored in battery
| (potential energy) Measured in what?
Volts (v.)
41
# Mains electricity:
Where does the electricity for our homes/buildings come from?
Huge power stations
42
# Mains electricity:
From there where is it transferred in and then back where?
| From there = Power station
Transferred in **circuit** to **homes** then **back to station**
43
# Mains electricity:
From power station what happens
| (step 1) (how electricity gets to us)
Large amount of **electricity** travel to **substations** through **transmission lines** held by **pylons**
44
# Mains electricity:
From substation what happens
| (step 2) (how electricity gets to us)
**Smaller amount** of **electricity** are transferred through **distribution lines** to **electricity boxes**
45
# Mains electricity:
What is the last step
| (step 3) (How electricity gets to us)
**Wires** connected from the **electrical box** connect to **lights/plug points**
46
# Mains electricity:
Where do stations mostly get energy from
Burning coal (fossil fuel)
47
# Mains electricity:
4 other types:
| (Where stations get energy from)
* Water - hydro-electric power
* nuclear energy /power
* geo-thermal - steam power
* wind - wind turbines
48
# How electricity gets to us:
coal fired power
| What is it? -step one
Place where electricity is generated
49
# How electricity gets to us:
Step up transformer
| What is it? - step two
Increases power to send electrical current over a long distance to homes
50
# How electricity gets to us:
Cables
| What is it?
Thick wires that take electricity over long distances
51
# How electricity gets to us:
Pylons
| What is it?
Tall metal structures to support cables
52
# How electricity gets to us:
Step down transformer
| What is it? -step three
Decreases power to use in homes
53
# How electricity gets to us:
Wooden poles
| What is it?
Structures holding wires that carry electricity to homes
54
# Safety with electricity:
Do not use/touch broken plugs/damaged cords
| Why not?
Plugs could spark and cause fire, you could get electricuted
55
What is an insulator
A substance or device which does not conduct electricity
56
Insulator-example
| Give an example
**Rubber** shoes
57
# The Earth:
Scientists who study space
| Are called ...
Astronomers
58
# The Earth:
Where do they work
| ( the astronomers )
Special buildings - **Observateries**
59
# The Earth:
What happens inside
| (inside the observateries)
Workers observe the sky to find out more about the solar system
| Workers/astronomers
60
# The Earth:
What watches the sky from observateries
| Other than the astronomers
Telescopes
61
# The Earth:
What are telescopes
Powerful machines that make **small** objects look **bigger**
62
# The Earth:
Where is the best place to study
| ( study the solor system )
Sutherlands
63
# The Earth:
Why?
| Why is it the best place to study the solar system?
No one lives there, very little rainfall and is the darkest place on Earth
64
# The Earth:
Which galaxy is Earth in
The milky way
65
# The Earth:
The Milky Way
| What is it
A **galaxy** which is **home** to our **solar system** and at least **20 billion stars**
66
# The Earth:
Solar system
| Is what ?
Our **sun** and **everything around it**
67
# The Earth:
Solar System - shape
Elliptical shape
68
# The Earth:
Each planet - own ...
| What does each planet have it's own of
moons
69
# Define:
Orbit
| -Meaning
The curved path of an object around a star/planet/moon
70
# Define:
Elliptical
| -Meaning
Egg shaped
71
# Define:
Galaxy
| -Meaning
A **system** of billions of **stars** and **planets**
72
# Define:
Comets
| -Meaning
**Objects** made of **frozen gases**, **rock** and **dust** which **orbits** the **Sun**
73
# Define:
Asteroids
| -Meaning
**Small rocky** bodies that **travel** **around** the **sun**
74
# Planets:
Name the first 4 planets
| (in order)
1. Mercury 3. Earth
2. Venus 4. Mars
75
# Planets:
Name the last 4 planets
| (in order)
1. Jupiter 3. Uranus
2. Saturn 4. Neptune
76
# The Earth moves:
2 ways Earth spins
| What are they
Rotates - rotation
relvolves - revolution
77
# The Earth moves: Rataion
Rotation - meaning
To spin
78
# The Earth moves: Rotation
Earth spins on what
Axis
79
# The Earth moves: Rotation
Axis
| -Meaning
Inaginary line cutting through the centre of a planet
80
# The Earth moves: Rotation
Earth spins - how
| How does Earth spin
' Leaning over '
81
# The Earth moves: Rotation
Rotation - meaning
| In the form of planets
To spin round an axis
82
# The Earth moves: Rotation
Earth rotates ...
| Where to where
**West** to **East**
83
# The Earth moves: Rotation
How long does it take
| To rotate from West to East
24 hours
84
# The Earth moves: Rotation
Where does Earth face when daytime
The Sun
85
# The Earth moves: Rotation
Where does Earth face when nighttime
Away from Sun
86
# The Earth moves: Revolution
Revolution
| - both meanings
- actual meaning
- term used in space
- To turn
- Used to describe the movement of an object around a fixed point
87
# The Earth moves: Revolution
Earth __ around Sun
| What is the missing word
Revolves
88
# The Earth moves: Revolution
Each planet owns it's own pathway around Sun - called what
| (What is the pathway around the sun called)
It's **orbit**
89
# The moon: Features of the moon
Fifth largest __ __ in Solar system
| (fill in both words)
**Natural satellite**
90
# The moon: Features of the moon
Atmosphere on moon
| ( yes / no )
No
91
# The moon: Features of the moon
Moon has quakes
- why
By **gravitational pull** of Earth
92
# The moon: Features of the moon
What is the Moon surrounded by
| What is it's name and what is it
Huge shell of molten rock - lunar magma ocean
93
# The moon: Features of the moon
Made of ... ...
| What is the moon made of
-NOT CHEESE!!
**Rock** and **dust**
94
# The moon: Features of the moon
Surface of Moon has
| What is on the surface of the Moon
**Craters** and **mountain and river-like valleys**
95
# The moon: Features of the moon
Mountain and river-like valleys - called
Rilles
96
# The moon: Features of the moon
Type of features - rilles
| What type of features are rilles
**Volcanic** features
97
# The moon: Features of the moon
Moons nearest neighbour
| is what
**Earth**
98
# The moon: Features of the moon
How far away is the moon from Earth
**384 000 km**
99
# The moon: Features of the moon
How long does it take the Moon to orbit Earth
**27.3 days**
100
# The moon: Features of the Moon
How long **will** it be taking to orbit Earth
| ( Because it is drifting away )
Around **47 days**
101
# The moon: Features of the moon
What lights up the Moon
The **Sun** lights up **one side** of the moon
102
# The moon: Features of the moon
How long will footprints remain visible and why
At least **10 million years** because there is **no erosion** on the Moon
103
# The moon: Phases of the Moon
How are the Moon phases produced
By the **alignment** of the **Moon** and the **Sun** in the **sky**
104
# The moon: Phases of the Moon
What is the lunar phase
| (of the Moon)
The part of the Moon you can see from Earth depending on how much it is lit up by the Sun
105
# The moon: Phases of the Moon
What do the phases of Moon depend on
The **position** in relation to the Sun and Earth
106
# The moon: Phases of the Moon
What are "phases"
| ( of the moon )
When the **moon orbits Earth**, we see **bright parts** of the **moon's surface** at different **angles**
107
# The moon: Phases of the Moon
How many phases are there
| (of the moon)
Eight
108
# The moon: Phases of the Moon
Why is the Moon illuminated
It **reflects** the **light** from the **Sun**
109
# The moon: Phases of the Moon
Which part of the moon is **lit up**
Part **facing** the **Sun**
110
# The moon: Phases of the Moon
What part of the Moon is in **darkness**
Part facing **away** from the Sun
111
# The moon: Phases of the Moon
What is the first phase of the Moon
The New Moon
112
# The moon: Phases of the Moon
How long does a new Moon to full moon take
| ( full cycle of the phases )
**29 and a half** days
113
# The moon: Phases of the Moon
Moon orbits near the ... of the Earth
| (fill in the missing word)
Equator
114
# The moon:
The Moon rises in the ... and sets in the ...
| (fill in the missing words)
East ; West
115
# Rocks:
What is Earth known as as a planet
The **rocky planet**
116
# Rocks:
What are the three main layers of the Earth
**Crust**, **mantle** and **core**
117
# Rocks:
What does the crust form
The **surface** of the Earth
118
# Rocks:
What is the crust either covered by
**Soil** or **Water**
119
# Rocks:
Which is the thinnest layer, and what does it consist mainly of
| (of the Earth)
**Crust** consists mainly of **solid rock**
120
# Rocks:
How is soil formed and in which layer
| (layer of the Earth)
Rock in the **crust** **breaks up** forming **soil**
121
# Rocks:
List the **layers** of the **crust** from **top** to **bottom**
1. Topsoil
2. Subsoil
3. Pieces of rock/soil
4. Solid rock/bedrock
122
# Rocks:
What is the topsoil made of
Nutrient-rich soil with humus
123
# Rocks:
What is the subsoil made of
Small rocks and soil where some nutrients from topsoil have washed down
124
# Rocks:
Causes of rock to break up
| (three ways)
1. Temperature (of day and night)
2. Roots and plants
3. Water (rain, rivers, sea)
125
# Rocks:
How does heat from sun and cold from the night break up rock
Rocks crack from expansion (from heat) and contraction (from cold)
126
# Rocks:
How do roots and plants break up rocks
As the roots grow in the gaps of rocks, they widen the cracks, eventually breaking the rock into pieces
127
# Rocks:
How does water break up rocks
When water freezes, it expands. The ice then works as a wedge. It slowly widens the cracks and splits the rock.
128
Things needed to live:
| (four things)
1. Soil
2. air
3. water
4. sunlight
129
# Layers of the Earth:
Crust
Covers the Earth's surface
130
# Layers of the Earth:
Mantle
Thickest layer of Earth (mainly solid)
131
# Layers of the Earth:
Outer core
Made of liquid
132
# Layers of the Earth:
Outer core
Made of liquid
133
# Layers of the Earth:
Inner core
Solid, metal ball
134
# Layers of the Earth:
What are the outer and inner core made of
**Nickel** and **iron**
135
# Types of Soils: Sandy soil
What is the texture of the sand grains
| ( it = sandy soil )
Course sand grains
| Course / rough
136
# Types of Soils: Sandy soil
Particles are ...
Large
137
# Types of Soils: Sandy soil
How does it feel
**Gritty** in hand
138
# Types of Soils: Sandy soil
Size of gaps between particles
**Big** gaps
139
# Types of Soils: Sandy soil
What does it allow to flow through it
| (becuase of the big gaps)
More **air**
140
# Types of Soils: Sandy soil
What happens to water in it
**Flows straight through it**
141
# Types of Soils: Clay Soil
Particles are ...
**Small** / **fine**
142
# Types of Soils: Clay Soil
Size of gaps
| (between particles)
**Small** gaps
143
# Types of Soils: Clay Soil
... is held well
| (fill in word)
**Water**
144
# Types of Soils: Clay Soil
Doesn't allow ... ... to flow through
| (fill in missing word**s**)
**Much** **air**
145
# Types of Soils: Loamy soil
Why is it a perfect balance
Mixture of clay and sand particles
146
# Types of Soils: Loamy soil
How
| (is it a mixture of soils)
Has **small** and **big** **particles**
147
# Types of Soils: Loamy soil
It allows some ... through
| (fill in missing word)
**Air** to flow through
148
# Types of Soils: Loamy soil
Able to hold water but ... ...
| (fill in missing word**s**)
**Good drainage**
149
# Types of Soils: Loamy soil
Also contains ...
| (Fill in missing word)
**Humus**
150
# Types of Soils: Loamy soil
Humus - colour
**Dark** in colour
151
# Types of Soils: Loamy soil
What is humus
**Decomposing** plant/animal matter from **organisms** that **died** in the **soil**
152
# Types of Soils: Loamy soil
What does humus do to soil
**Adds nutrients** to soil and helps to **aerate** it
153
# Define:
Aerate
| -meaning
Makes **air spaces** to allow **more air** into it
154
# Fossils:
Fossil
| (is what)
The **remains** of **plants** and **animals** that lived **thousands** of **years** ago
155
# Fossils:
Where are fossils **preserved**
In **layers** of **rock**
156
# Fossils:
Why are fossils important
**Provide** us with a **picture** of what **life** was **long ago**
157
# Fossils:
How do we know about extinct organisms
From **fossils**
158
# Fossils:
Most fossils found in ... ...
| (fill in missing word**s**)
**Sedimentary rock**
159
# Fossils:
Most fossils found in ... ...
| (fill in missing word**s**)
**Sedimentary rock**
160
# Fossils:
How is sedimentary rock formed
**When layers of eroded earth are deposited on top of each other, these layer are pressed down through time, until the bottom layers slowly turn to rock**
161
# Fossils:
Process of fossilisation:
Animal **dies** and **soft parts** of body **decay**, **skeleton** is **covered** by **sand** and **mud** **before** it can **decay**, over **thousands** of **years** the layers cause **pressure** which makes the skeleton **harden to rock**, over more thousands of years, the rock is **eroded** by **wind** and **water** to **expose** the fossil
162
# Types of fossils:
Types of fossils:
| (what are the 2 main types of fossils)
**Body** and **trace** fossils
163
# Types of fossils: Body fossils
Body fossils
| -are what
Preserved body parts of an organism
164
# Types of fossils: Body fossils
Give 3 examples of them:
| (6 examples are given in answered if wanted)
**Fossiled bones**, **teeth**, **shells**, **leaves**, **stems** or **seeds**
165
# Types of fossils: Body fossils
... has decomposed leaving these parts of body behind to be ...
| (fill in missing word**s**)
**Soft tissue** (muscle and skin tissue) ... **fossillised**
166
# Types of fossils: Body fossils
What do body fossils tell us a lot about
The lifestyle of the animal/plant
167
# Types of fossils: Trace fossils
Trace fossils
| -are what
Signs of life that have been preserved
168
# Types of fossils: Trace fossils
What do they give
Give **evidence** the organism once lived on Earth
169
# Types of fossils: Trace fossils
What is it **not** made of
Not mades of **parts** of the **organsim itself**
170
# Types of fossils: Trace fossils
Give 2 example
| (5 are given in answer if wanted)
Fossilised **footprints**, **droppings**, **leaf impressions**, **burrows**, **nests**
171
# Types of fossils: Trace fossils
They tells us more about ...
The way the organism lived
