science Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is the International System of Units (SI)?
Scientists all over the world use the same system of units, the International System of Units (SI), to communicate information clearly.
What is the conversion chart used in the SI system?
The following conversion chart is used in the SI system: Kilo- Hecto- Deca- _____ deci- centi- milli-.
What is Newton’s 1st law and how does it relate to an object’s state of motion?
An object at rest or moving in a straight line at constant speed will remain in that state (uniform motion) unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
What is mass and how does it relate to an object’s resistance to change in its state of motion?
Mass is a measure of inertia. It is an object’s resistance to change in its state of motion.
What are position, distance, and displacement, and how do they differ from each other?
Position, distance, and displacement are terms used to describe different aspects of an object’s location.
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Speed is the rate of change of position (distance) with respect to time. Velocity describes an object’s speed and direction of travel.
What is the equation used to calculate speed, distance, and time for motion in a straight line?
For motion in a straight line, speed, distance, and time can be calculated using a simple equation: 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑑𝑑 / 𝑡𝑡.
What is acceleration and how is it calculated for motion in a straight line?
For motion in a straight line, acceleration is the rate of change in velocity with respect to time and can be calculated: 𝑎𝑎 = 𝑣𝑣−𝑢𝑢/𝑡𝑡.
What is Newton’s 2nd law and how does it relate to the acceleration of an object?
The acceleration of an object is determined by the mass of that object and the net force applied to it. 𝐹𝐹net = 𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑎 (Newtons 2nd Law).
What is Newton’s 3rd law and how does it relate to the force exerted between two objects?
When one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts a force of equal magnitude and opposite direction back on the first object. (Newtons 3rd Law).
What is the equation used to calculate work?
Work is given by force multiplied by displacement: 𝑊𝑊 = 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹d.
What is kinetic energy and what is the equation used to calculate it?
Kinetic energy is given by 𝐾𝐾𝐸𝐸 = 1/2mv^2.
What is potential energy and what is the equation used to calculate it?
Potential energy is given by 𝑃𝑃𝐸𝐸 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚h.
What is power and how is it calculated?
Power is the rate at which work is done 𝑃𝑃 = 𝐸𝐸/𝑡𝑡.
Why is it necessary to use diverse units for measuring distances in the Universe?
The distances in the Universe are so vast that they cannot be accurately measured using traditional units like meters or kilometers. Diverse units such as Astronomical Units, Light-years, and Parsecs are used instead
What is the role of DNA?
DNA acts as the blueprint for controlling the characteristics of organisms.
How is information transferred in cells during reproduction?
What is the basic structure of DNA?
DNA is made up of nucleotides that consist of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.
Why is DNA replication important?
DNA replication is important because it ensures that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.
What is the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes?
Genes are segments of DNA that are found on chromosomes.
What is the Watson and Crick double helix model?
The Watson and Crick double helix model is a representation of the structure of DNA that consists of two strands that twist around each other.
How has genetic knowledge developed over time?
Genetic knowledge has developed through scientific discoveries, technological advancements, and research studies.
What is meiosis and mitosis?
Meiosis and mitosis are both types of cell division. Meiosis produces gametes, while mitosis produces somatic cells.
What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?
Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes, while diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes.
What are homologous pairs of chromosomes?
Homologous pairs of chromosomes are two chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order.
