Science

Question 1

who discovered cells

Answer 1

Robert Hooke

Question 2

When did Robert Hooke discover cells

Answer 2

1665

Question 3

who invented the microscope

Answer 3

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Question 4

What is in a plant cell

Answer 4

cell membrane, chloroplast, cell wall, vacuole, nuclease, mitochondria, cytoplasm

Question 5

What does mitochondria do

Answer 5

creates energy from glucose

Question 6

what does the vacuole do

Answer 6

helps dispose waste and stores cell sap

Question 7

what does chloroplast do

Answer 7

produces energy from photosynthesis

Question 8

what is a eukaryotic cell

Answer 8

a complex cell, with a nucleus

Question 9

what do ribosomes do

Answer 9

make protiens

Question 10

what does an animal cell have

Answer 10

cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria

Question 11

what does a bacteria cell have

Answer 11

slime coat, chromosomal DNA, cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, plasmid, flagellum

Question 12

what does the slime coat do

Answer 12

traps nutrients

Question 13

what does plasmid do

Answer 13

contains a small part of the bacteria’s DNA

Question 14

what does Chromosomal DNA do

Answer 14

Helps with self replication

Question 15

what is mitosis

Answer 15

a process where a cell divides and replicates into two identical daughter cells

Question 16

What are the 5 stages of mitosis

Answer 16

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis ( PMAT)

Question 17

What happens in the prophase

Answer 17

nucleus breaks down and spindle fibres start to appear

Question 18

what happens in the metaphase

Answer 18

the chromosomes line up on the spindle fibres across the middle of the cell

Question 19

what happens in the anaphase

Answer 19

the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Question 20

what happens in the telophase

Answer 20

a membrane starts to form around each set of chromosomes

Question 21

what happens in cytokinesis

Answer 21

a cell surface membrane forms around the two new cells

Question 22

what is cell differentation

Answer 22

a process that changes less specialised cells into more specialised cells

Question 23

why are some cells biconcave

Answer 23

to increase the surface area

Question 24

what are alleles

Answer 24

different forms of the same gene

Question 25

what is a dominant allele

Answer 25

the stronger allele

Question 26

what is a recessive allele

Answer 26

the alleles that aren't dominant

Question 27

what is the formula triangle you use for magnification

Answer 27

actual image size, picture size, magnification

Question 28

what is matter made up of

Answer 28

tiny particles called atoms

Question 29

What are two rules about atoms

Answer 29

1. atoms cannot be created or destroyed 2. atoms in an element are all identical

Question 30

what is an atom made up of

Answer 30

shells, protons, neutrons

Question 31

what does the nucleus in an atom contain

Answer 31

protons and neutons

Question 32

what charge does a proton have

Answer 32

positive (+1)

Question 33

what charge does an electron have

Answer 33

negative (-1)

Question 34

what charge does a neutron have

Answer 34

no charge (0)

Question 35

what is the atomic mass number ( bottom )

Answer 35

total number of protons a neutrons

Question 36

what is the atomic mass ( top )

Answer 36

tells us the number of protons in the atom

Question 37

what are isotopes

Answer 37

different forms of the same element

Question 38

what is electronic configuration

Answer 38

where the electrons are placed in the shells

Question 39

how many electrons are in the first shell

Answer 39

2

Question 40

how many electrons in the the rest of the shells

Answer 40

8

Question 41

who invented the periodic table

Answer 41

Dimitri Mendeleev

Question 42

how did Mendeleev organise the elements in the periodic table

Answer 42

in order of their relative atomic mass

Question 43

how can you find out what group an element is in

Answer 43

the same number as the amount electrons are in the outer shell

Question 44

how do you find out what period an element is in

Answer 44

the period number is the same as the amount of shells an atom has

Question 45

what is a physical change

Answer 45

a change where only the physical form is changed, and no new substance is created

Question 46

what is a chemical change

Answer 46

a change where a new substance is created

Question 47

what is a mixture

Answer 47

something that contains elements that aren't chemically joined together

Question 48

on a temperature - time graph, what does it mean when the line is horizontal

Answer 48

it shows that the temperature is consistent, which means the substance is changing state

Question 49

how do you know if a substance is pure

Answer 49

all parts will melt at the same temperature

Question 49

what happens when you heat up a substance

Answer 49

the particles gain energy, and break away from their fixed arrangement

Question 50

what does soluble mean

Answer 50

is able to dissolve in water

Question 51

what does insoluble mean

Answer 51

cannot be dissolved in water

Question 52

what is a solvent

Answer 52

the liquid that something dissolves in

Question 53

what is a solute

Answer 53

the thing that is being dissolved

Question 54

what is a solution

Answer 54

a mixture of the solute and solvent

Question 55

what is crystillation

Answer 55

where you heat a filtrate until crystals from

Question 56

what does paper chromatography do

Answer 56

separates inks and dyes

Question 57

what is the mobile phase in paper chromatography

Answer 57

the solvent

Question 58

what is the stationary phase in paper chromatography

Answer 58

the paper

Question 59

what is the Rf value

Answer 59

is a ratio used to describe the distance a component in a mixture travels in relation to the distance the solvent travels.

Question 60

what is distillation

Answer 60

something used to separate liquids with different boiling points

Question 60

how do you work out the rf value

Answer 60

distance travelled by spot divided by the distance travelled by solvent (answer must always be below 1)

Question 61

what is fractional distillation

Answer 61

something used to separate two or more liquids

Question 62

what is a vector quantity

Answer 62

a type of measurement that includes magnitude ( size ) and direction

Question 63

what is a scalar quantity

Answer 63

a type of measurement that only includes magnitude

Question 64

3 examples of a vector quantity

Answer 64

force, velocity, acceleration

Question 65

what is velocity

Answer 65

speeding in a specific direction

Question 66

3 examples of a scaler quantity

Answer 66

speed, distance, time

Question 67

what is displacement

Answer 67

displacement is a straight line form A to B. for example, if you are driving on a road, it normally has bends in, but the displacement would just be a straight line there

Question 68

how do you work out the gradient of a distance time graph

Answer 68

y axis divided by x axis

Question 69

what are resultant forces

Answer 69

the resultant force is the stronger force, so for example if it was 12N to the right and 3N to the left, the resultant force would be 9N to the right

Question 70

how do you work out the weight of something

Answer 70

weight = mass x gravitational field strength