Science

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism

Question 2

crossing over

Answer 2

exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids from homologous chromosome during prophase I of meiosis; results in new allele combinations

Question 3

diploid

Answer 3

cell with two of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a diploid, or 2n, number of chromosomes

Question 4

Dominant

Answer 4

observed trait of an organism that mask the recessive form of a trait

Question 5

egg

Answer 5

haploid female sex cell produced by meiosis

Question 6

fertilization

Answer 6

fusion of male and female gamete

Question 7

gamate

Answer 7

male and female sex cells, sperm and eggs

Question 8

genetic recombination

Answer 8

major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by re-assortment or crossing over during meiosis

Question 9

genetics

Answer 9

branch of biology that studies heredity

Question 10

genotype

Answer 10

combination of genes in an organism

Question 11

haploid

Answer 11

cell with one of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a haploid or n, number of chromosomes.

Question 12

heredity

Answer 12

passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring

Question 13

heterozygous

Answer 13

when there are two different alleles for a trait

Question 14

homologous chromosomes

Answer 14

paired chromosomes with genes from the same traits arranged in the same orde

Question 15

homozygous

Answer 15

when there are two identical alleles for a trait

Question 16

hybrid

Answer 16

offspring formed by parents having different forms of a specific trait

Question 17

laws of independent assortment

Answer 17

Mendelian principal stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other

Question 18

Law of segregation

Answer 18

Mendelian principal explaining that because each plant has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gametes. During fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combinations of allele

Question 19

meiosis

Answer 19

type of cell division where one body cell produces for gametes, each containing half the number of chromosomes in a parent’s body.

Question 20

nondisjunction

Answer 20

failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis; results in gametes with too many or too few chromosomes

Question 21

phenotype

Answer 21

outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes

Question 22

pollination

Answer 22

transfer of male pollen grains to the pistil of a flower

Question 23

recessive

Answer 23

trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait

Question 24

sexual reproduction

Answer 24

pattern of reproduction that involves the production of subsequent fusion of haploid cells.

Question 25

sperm

Answer 25

haploid male sex cells produced by meiosis

Question 26

trait

Answer 26

characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive

Question 27

zygote

Answer 27

diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg.

Question 28

gen

Answer 28

birth

Question 29

pheno

Answer 29

appearance physical show

Question 30

hetero

Answer 30

different

Question 31

homo

Answer 31

same

Question 32

in

Answer 32

not

Question 33

co

Answer 33

with

Question 34

di

Answer 34

double

Question 35

mono

Answer 35

one

Question 36

hered

Answer 36

being an heir

Question 37

auto

Answer 37

self

Question 38

some

Answer 38

body

Question 39

mut

Answer 39

change

Question 40

ous

Answer 40

full of

Question 41

zyg

Answer 41

joined togetherk

Question 42

kary

Answer 42

nucleus