Science Flashcards
(41 cards)
Electromagnetic induction was discovered in 1831 by which British scientist,
whose namesake law is also known as the law of induction?
Michael Faraday
In materials science, which process heats a material above its recrystallisation
temperature, holding for a certain time and then cooling to room temperature, to
improve ductility and reduce brittleness and/or internal stress?
Annealing
A carbonyl functional group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an atom
of which other element?
Oxygen
Independently of Michael Faraday, electromagnetic induction was also
discovered in 1832 by which American scientist and namesake of an SI unit?
Joseph Henry
A cyanide ion consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to an atom of which other
element?
Nitrogen
Sometimes also known as frittage, which process in materials science applies
heat or pressure to small particles of a material, but keeps them below the
melting point, to compact and fuse them together into a solid mass without
liquefying?
Sintering
What is the second-outermost layer of the Earth’s atmosphere? Its name comes
from the Greek for ‘heat’?
Thermosphere
The equation that relates the reduction potential of an electrochemical reaction to
its reaction quotient is named after which German chemist, who developed it in
1887?
Walther Nernst
The term renal refers to things associated with which organs of the body?
Kidneys
Acetic acid is the main chemical component (other than water) of which
foodstuff, often paired with salt as a condiment?
Vinegar
The rule of maximum multiplicity, which predicts that electrons will enter an empty
orbital before pairing up, is named after which German physicist who formulated
it in 1925?
Friedrich Hund
What is the outermost layer of the Earth’s atmosphere? Its name comes from
the Greek for ‘outside’ or ‘beyond’?
Exosphere
Ascorbic acid is the chemical name for which vitamin, commonly found in fruit?
Vitamin C
The term pulmonary refers to things associated with which organs of the body?
Lungs
Often reported as a symptom of COVID-19, anosmia is a loss of which one of the
five senses?
Smell
Which organelles in plant cells are the site of photosynthesis within cells and
where sunlight is converted into energy-storing molecules such as ATP?
Chloroplasts
Which organelles in animal cells are the site of aerobic respiration within cells,
where ATP is produced to provide energy for the cell?
Mitochondria
In 1643, Evangelista Torricelli created the first laboratory vacuum using a tube of
which heavy metal, that is liquid at room temperature and subsequently became
widely used in both thermometers and barometers?
Mercury
Taking its name from a Greek Goddess, what name is given to the NASA-led
program of lunar exploration, intended to re-establish a human presence on the
Moon, whose first uncrewed mission went to lunar orbit in 2022?
Artemis
Named for a constellation and mythical hunter placed in the sky by Artemis, what
name is given to the spacecraft built to carry people to the lunar surface in the
Artemis program?
Orion
Photoreceptor cells in the outer edges of the retina, that are responsible for night vision, are known by what name, that is also an imperial unit of length equal to sixteen and a half feet.
Rods
Photoreceptor cells in the retina responsible for colour vision are known by what name, that is also a three-dimensional shape with a point and a circular base?
Cones
The dioxide of which chemical element is commonly used to remove moisture from the air, and often packaged in gel-form in sachets?
Silicon
The American neurologist Stanley Prusiner won the Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1997 for his work on which type of misfolded proteins, now known to be the causative agent for several diseases?
Prions
