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Exam Revision:Math, science, nepali, IandS, english > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

A cell.

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2
Q

What does the term ‘cell’ refer to in biology?

A

The smallest unit of life that can carry out all vital life processes necessary for an organism’s survival.

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3
Q

Who coined the term ‘cells’ and in what year?

A

Robert Hooke in 1665.

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4
Q

What are the two main types of organisms based on cell number?

A
  • Unicellular organisms
  • Multicellular organisms
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5
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A

A simple, single-celled organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

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6
Q

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell.

A

Bacteria.

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7
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A

A cell that has a well-organized nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles.

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8
Q

Give examples of eukaryotic cells.

A
  • Plant cells
  • Animal cells
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9
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

Contains chlorophyll, which helps in photosynthesis.

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10
Q

What is the primary function of chromoplasts?

A

Gives colors to flowers and ripened fruit and attracts insects for pollination.

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11
Q

What do leucoplasts do?

A

Store food and are generally found in roots.

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12
Q

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum involved in?

A

Protein synthesis.

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13
Q

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum involved in?

A

Lipid synthesis.

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14
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Controls cellular activities and houses genetic material.

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15
Q

What is the role of the cell membrane?

A

Regulates what enters and exits the cell.

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16
Q

What do lysosomes do?

A

Digest waste materials and cellular debris.

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17
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Produce energy through cellular respiration.

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18
Q

What do Golgi bodies do?

A

Modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids.

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19
Q

What is the function of vacuoles?

A

Store nutrients, waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The cell is also known as the _______.

A

building block of life.

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21
Q

True or False: All cells have the same shape and size.

A

False.

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22
Q

List the components of a cell.

A
  • Nucleus
  • Plasma membrane
  • Golgi body
  • Ribosomes
  • Vacuoles
  • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplast
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Lysosomes
  • Cytoplasm
  • DNA
  • Nucleoid
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23
Q

What is the relationship between cells, tissues, organs, and systems?

A

Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up systems in a body.

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24
Q

What are life processes?

A

Certain vital processes that maintain homeostasis and proper functioning of the body

Example: Respiration, excretion, and transportation.

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25
What life process is shown in the diagram?
DIGESTION
26
By which process do nutrients of food mix with blood?
ABSORPTION
27
What does the blood do with the food nutrients after they get mixed with blood?
TRANSPORT TO ALL PARTS
28
What do cells need to breakdown food?
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
29
What is the process of carrying materials to the cell and from the cell called?
TRANSPORTATION
30
What is the process of removal of unwanted substances called?
EXCRETION/EGESTION
31
What is respiration?
The process of breakdown of food in the cell with the help of oxygen to release energy
32
What does respiration include?
Both breathing and oxidation
33
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen; anaerobic respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen
34
What are the products of aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water, and enough energy
35
What are the products of anaerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide, alcohol, and low amount of energy
36
What are stomata?
Tiny pores in leaves through which the exchange of respiratory gases occurs
37
What is cutaneous respiration?
Respiration done through skin
38
What is tracheal respiration?
Respiration in insects using tracheal tubes and spiracles
39
What type of respiration do aquatic animals like fishes use?
Gill respiration
40
What is the process of removal of metabolic wastes called?
Excretion
41
How do plants excrete waste?
Through transpiration, storing, and diffusion
42
What are some organic wastes stored in plants?
Gums, oils, latex, resins
43
What excretory organ do protozoans use?
Body surface (diffusion)
44
What excretory organ do annelids use?
Nephridia and skin
45
What are the excretory organs in higher animals?
Kidneys, lungs, skin, liver, large intestine
46
What is the function of the kidneys?
Excretion of toxic waste
47
What is the function of the lungs in excretion?
Removal of carbon dioxide
48
What type of vascular tissue conducts water and minerals from roots to leaves?
XYLEM
49
What type of vascular tissue conducts food from leaves to all parts of the plant?
PHLOEM
50
Fill in the blank: The process of taking air in for oxygen and giving out carbon dioxide is called _______.
BREATHING
51
True or False: Anaerobic respiration results in complete oxidation of food.
False
52
What is the key concept of the unit titled 'Chemical Connections'?
Relationship
53
What is the related concept to the key concept in 'Chemical Connections'?
Interaction
54
What is the global context for the unit 'Chemical Connections'?
Globalisation and Sustainability
55
Fill in the blank: Human's interaction with chemicals influence their _______ with the environment.
relationship
56
Define 'Atom'.
The smallest unit of matter that can take part in a chemical reaction.
57
Define 'Element'.
A pure substance made up of only one type of atom.
58
Define 'Compound'.
A substance consisting of two or more different elements joined together in fixed proportions.
59
Define 'Molecule'.
A group of two or more atoms held together by a chemical bond.
60
What is the difference between a 'Mixture' and a 'Compound'?
Mixture is made up of more than one substance combined without undergoing any chemical change, while a Compound is made up of two or more different elements joined together.
61
What is an irreversible change?
A change that results in the formation of a new substance and cannot be reversed.
62
Give an example of a reversible change.
Preparing a sugar solution
63
What are the three sub-atomic particles of an atom?
* Electron * Proton * Neutron
64
What is the charge and mass of a Proton?
Charge: positive; Mass: 1 amu
65
What is the atomic number?
The total number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.
66
What is atomic mass?
The sum of the number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom.
67
What does the electronic configuration describe?
The systematic distribution of electrons in various orbits or energy levels around the nucleus of an atom.
68
What is the formula for density?
Density = Mass / Volume
69
What is relative density?
The ratio between the density of a substance and the density of water at 4°C.
70
True or False: All alkalis are bases.
True
71
What are the two types of acids based on their source?
* Inorganic Acids * Organic Acids
72
What is acid rain?
Rain that contains harmful acids formed from the reaction of gases with moisture in the air.
73
What is a salt?
A neutral substance formed by the chemical reaction between an acid and a base.
74
What are indicators?
Chemical substances used to indicate whether a substance is acidic, basic, or neutral.
75
Fill in the blank: The physical property of acids is that they are mostly _______.
sour
76
Fill in the blank: The physical property of bases is that they are mostly _______.
bitter

Exam Revision:Math, science, nepali, IandS, english (4 decks)

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