science Flashcards
(52 cards)
Describe convection and the formation of convection currents.
Convection is the upward movement of heated gases or liquids, where expansion causes less dense regions to rise and cooler, denser regions to sink, creating a continuous convection current.
Describe the pathway of water movement in a plant.
Water is absorbed by root hairs, moves inward, travels through xylem vessels, reaches leaf cells, and evaporates during transpiration.
How are ionic compounds formed?
They are formed when metals react with non-metals, involving transfer of electrons to form ions that attract each other.
How do particles behave in a heated solid?
Particles vibrate more vigorously and expand as temperature increases.
How do plants use carbon dioxide in the carbon cycle?
Plants take in carbon dioxide to produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis.
How do root hairs absorb water from soil?
Root hairs increase surface area to pass water and mineral ions through cell walls and membranes into the plant.
How do water and carbon dioxide reach the chloroplasts?
Water is transported via veins and carbon dioxide diffuses into leaves through stomata.
How does evaporation lead to cooling?
High-energy water particles escape as gas, reducing the water’s average thermal energy and causing it to cool.
How is urea produced and excreted in humans?
Urea is produced in the liver from excess protein and is excreted via the kidneys in urine.
How is volume calculated for regular objects?
Volume = Length x Width x Height.
What are fossil fuels and how are they formed?
Fossil fuels like oil, gas, and coal form from dead organisms under sediment, pressure, and heat over millions of years.
What are greenhouse gases and their effect?
Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere, influencing Earth’s climate.
what are the impacts of climate change?
Rising temperatures
Melting ice and rising sea levels:
Loss of biodiversity
What are the layers of a leaf from top to bottom?
- Waxy layer
2.Upper epidermis
3.Palisade layer
4.Spongy layer
5.Lower epidermis
6.Waxy layer
7.Stoma
What is a metoroid
An object in space which is smaller than an asteroid
What distinguishes insulators from conductors?
Insulators are poor conductors of thermal energy, while conductors transfer energy efficiently; metals are conductors, wood, plastic, and fabrics are insulators.
what do the vitamins a,c and d do for the baby while you are pregnant?
Vitamin A: Supports vision and immune function. Found in green vegetables, carrots, squash, fruits, dairy products, and fish.
Vitamin C: Aids in tissue repair and immune function. Found in citrus fruits, potatoes, and colorful berries.
Vitamin D: Essential for calcium absorption and bone health. Found in oily fish and fortified foods.
What does the law of conservation of mass state?
The total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products in a chemical reaction, with no atoms gained or lost.
What happens during pregnancy in terms of nutrient and waste exchange?
Nutrients diffuse from mother to fetus, and waste diffuses from fetus to mother through close proximity without blood mixing.
What is a lattice structure in ionic compounds?
A lattice structure is a regular, repeating arrangement of ions held together by strong electrostatic forces.
What is absolute zero?
The temperature at which particles stop moving, -273°C.
What is combustion in relation to fossil fuels?
Combustion is the burning of fossil fuels, where carbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide.
What is conduction in thermal energy transfer?
Conduction occurs when particles vibrate and push surrounding particles, transferring thermal energy through direct contact.
What is covalent bonding?
Covalent bonding involves sharing electrons between non-metal atoms to fill their outer shells.
