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lord help me (88 cards)

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1
Q

how can we achieve a healthy lifestyle?

A

eating a balanced diet and exercising

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2
Q

why do we need food?[3]

A

for energy, growth and repair and for our health

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3
Q

what are the food groups?[6]

A

carbohydrates, protein, water, vitamins and minerals, fats and fibre

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4
Q

carbohydrates, fats, proteins and vitamins and minerals are known as______
fibre and water are not ______

A

nutrients

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5
Q

What are vitamins?

A

They don’t provide energy, they don’t have any calories, our body doesn’t need them in big amounts, we need them to fight off diseases and to grow

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5
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

the body’s main source of energy like bread and pasta. There are 2 types of carbs: starches and sugar
starch is found in bread and sugar is found in biscuits

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6
Q

what are proteins?

A

growth and repair of cells and tissues. we find protein in fish, egg, beef and cheese

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7
Q

What are fats?

A

They give us energy and extra insulation. we find fats in cheese, meat and sweets

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8
Q

What are minerals?

A

Elements found on the earth and in foods that our body needs in small amounts to develop and function properly. Sodium is an example of a mineral. It helps keep stability in body fluid but if you have too much, it can cause hypertension [high blood pressure] and heart problems. This is found in foods like pizza, cold cuts and savory snacks

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9
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

A balanced diet is a variety of foods from different food groups in the correct amount

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9
Q

Fibre is important for _____ health. It can prevent constipation. It helps us feel ____ for longer, improve _____ and _____ _____ levels and prevent diseases like…. [3]
We find fibre in food like….[3]

A

digestive
fuller
cholesterol
blood sugar
diabetes, heart disease and bowel cancer
whole meal bread, brown rice, whole meal pasta

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9
Q

Water is an important solvent in our body. It helps us _____________________. If we have lack of water, our body cannot ______ and we can die of _________

A

cool our body when we exercise
work properly
dehydration

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10
Q

If a person doesn’t eat a balanced diet., what will they suffer from?

A

Malnourishment

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11
Q

What does our diet depend on?

A

age, sex, lifestyle, pregnant/breastfeeding

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11
Q

Food pyramid, least to most [4]

A

least- fat, oils, sweets, salts
moderately- meat, fish, dairy
more- fruits and vegetables
most- carbs: grains, cereals, bread

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11
Q

Parts of the digestive system [8]

A

mouth, oesophagus/gullet, liver, stomach, pancreas, large intestine, small intenstine and rectum/anus

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11
Q

The 2 types of digestion and the difference

A

mechanical- in the mouth when is food is broken down by chewing [mechanically]
chemical- in the mouth and stomach when food is broken down by acid and enzymes

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11
Q

what does the mouth do in the digestive system?

A

breaks down food by chewing [mechanical] and saliva which is mixed with enzymes [chemical]

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12
Q

What does the oesophagus/gullet do in the digestive system?

A

The food passes through here when we swallow. This is a tube of muscle and it squeezes down the food to the stomach

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13
Q

What does the stomach do in the digestive system?

A

The food and drinks mix with enzymes and hydrochloric acid that helps break down the food. The acid helps kill bacteria

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14
Q

What do the small intestines do in the digestive system?

A

By the time the food reaches the small intestines, it has become a liquid we call chyme. It helps to further digest food coming from the stomach. It absorbs nutrients and water from food so they can be used by the body.

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15
Q

what do the liver and pancreas do in the digestive system?

A

the liver releases a liquid called bile that’s stored in the gall bladder and it neutralizes the acid from the stomach. The pancreas release digestive juices with enzymes. These juices are added to the enzymes breaking down the food into smaller pieces which are then absorbed into the blood.

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16
Q

What do the large intestines do in the digestive system?

A

When the food reaches the large intestines, all the useful food has been absorbed and all that’s left is waste, fibre and water. Water is absorbed in the large intestine to harden the faeces.

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17
Q

What does the rectum/anus do in the digestive system?

A

Faeces are stored in the rectum and we get rid of it when we go to the bathroom through the last part of the digestive system, then anus

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18
What is respiration?
Respiration is a chemical reaction where energy is produced by breaking down food
19
What is the equation for respiration?
Glucose+Oxygen---> Carbon Dioxide+water+energy
20
parts of the respiratory system [9]
Voice box, windpipe/trachea, ribcage, heart, lungs, diaphragm, alveoli/air sacs, bronchiole, bronchus
21
What do the ribs and windpipe/trachea do in the respiratory system?
ribs-protects heart and lungs trachea-allows air to pass
22
What does the alveoli/air sacs and rib muscles/diaphragm muscles do in the respiratory system?
alveoli-microscopic air bubbles surrounded by capillaries in which gas exchange occurs diaphragm muscles/rib muscles- allows chest to expand and retract when breathing
23
breathing is controlled by the _____ where there are the ________ muscles and the _____ which is a sheet of muscle that ____ the chest _____ from the rest of the body
ribcage intercoastal diaphragm separates cavity
24
Breathing in: ribcage moves ___ and ___, diaphragm moves ____, volume of lungs _______ and air is sucked ____ the lungs
up out down increases into
25
Breathing out: ribcage moves ___ and ___, diaphragm moves ____, volume of lungs____ and air pushed ____ of the lungs
down in down decreases out
26
During gas exchange oxygen moves from the ____ to the ____ and carbon dioxide moves from the ____ to the____
alveolus capillaries capillaries alveolus
27
Test for C02
if you heat sodium hydrogen, carbonate bubbles are produced. This gas turns the limewater from clear to milky white. This gas is called C02/ carbon dioxide
28
short term affects of smoking
coughing, bad breath, yellow nails and teeth, heart beats faster
29
long term affects of smoking
lung cancer, heart attacks, strokes, lung disease
30
tar
collects in the lungs, can cause cancer, irritates air passage ways ad makes them narrower, stains lungs, teeth, lips and nails
31
nicotine
addictive drug, heart beats faster, high blod pressure
32
carbon monoxide
poisonous gas, stops cells from carrying enough oxygen making circulator system work harder, heart disease
33
what is the circulatory system made up of
blood, heart, blood vessels [arteries and veins]
34
what the heart, blood and blood vessels do
heart-pumps blood and oxygen around the body blood-gives cells oxygen and food arteries- thick-walled tubes, carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, lots of pressure veins- thin-walled tubes,bring deoxygenated blood to the heart, little pressure capillaries- smallest blood vessels, make sure gas exchange takes place
35
oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
deoxygenated-right side oxygenated- left side
36
heart disease unavoidable factors
inherited genes sex- men more likely age
37
heart disease avoidable factors
eating fatty food, over-weight, smoking, taking little to no exercise
38
how to prevent heart disease
exercise, balanced diet, no drinking/smoking, pet dog, marriage, religion, eating 2 cubes of dark chocolate
39
what are red and white blood cells, platelets, plasma
red- carry oxygen [disc shape] white- fight disease, sickness, infections [irregularly shaped] platelets- help form blood clots [disc shape] plasma- carries dissolved nutrients and waste materials like hormones, slats, sugars, fats and vitamins [ straw coloured liquid]
40
what increases and decreases heart rate
increase- exercise decrease- relaxation
41
why does our pulse increase
your body will need more energy therefore you need more oxygen and glucose
42
how to measure pulse
wrist-radial artery neck-carotial artery
43
strong- malleable- flexible- transparent- brittle- insulator [heat/electricity]- conductor [heat/electricity]-
difficult to bend or stretch can be hammered into shapes bends easily without breaking lets light through hard but easy to break doesn't let heat/electricity pass through lets heat/electricity pass through
44
symbols skull- cross- flame- rectangle with dent & drop from test tube-
toxic material [cyanide] less dangerous than toxic material [bleach] flammable material [petrol] corrosive [acid]
45
atoms are _____, _____ particles and they're the _____ unit of ordinary matter that form a _______ element
single neutral smallest chemical
46
the nucleus is ______ than the atom. it contains both ______ and _______. electrons are _______ charged and are found ______ the nucleus. they orbit the ______ at _______ speed neutrons are ______ protons are _____ charged and are found in the _______
smaller protons neutrons negatively outside nucleus high neutral [no charge] positively nucleus
46
molecules are ____ particles made up of __ or ___ atoms bonded together. They are not _______ charged
neutral 2 more electrically
46
atoms of different elements elements, have different amount of _____, this is what makes them different
electrons
47
an element is a ____ substance that can't be broken down by chemical means
pure
48
carbon- iron- oxygen- aluminum- calcium- hydrogen- magnesium chlorine- silver- neon- sodium- gold- zinc- mercury-
C Fe O Al Ca H Mg Cl Ag Ne Na Au Zn Hg
49
properties of metal + 2 ex
shiny solid at room temp high density strong malleable good conductors ringing sound when hit iron silver
50
properties of non-metals+ 2 ex
dull low density weak brittle poor conductors dull sound when hit hydrogen oxygen
51
the periodic table is made up of _____. the 7 horizontal rows are called _______. the 8 vertical columns are called _______. the bold stepped line divides metals [_____] and non-metals [_____]. the first 2 groups are most ______ ______ and _____ are the most reactive non-metals
elements periods groups left right reactive metals halogens
52
compounds are when atoms of ______ _______ join together. equation for compounds
different elements element+element ------->compound hydrogen[gas]+oxygen[gas]--->water [liquid]
53
physical change s when no ____ ______ is formed. a chemical change is when a ____ _____ is formed
new substance new substance
54
what makes a change physical/chemical + 3 examples of each
physical: reversible, changes shape but not it's chemical formula, no new compounds melting ice, boiling water, crumpling a sheet of paper chemical: irreversible, changes chemical formula, new compounds are formed burning wood, digesting food, burning a cake
55
chemical equations on the left we write the ______ _______ [_______] and on the right we write the ______ _______ [______]
starting elements reactant finishing products product
56
equation for acid and alkali
acid+alkali ------> salt+water hydrochloric acid+sodium hydroxide----> sodium chloride + water
57
equation for metal and acid
metal+acid---> salt+hydrogen magnesium+ hydrochloric acid---> magnesium chloride+ hydrogen
58
equation for rusting corrosion [rusting] is _____ salt makes the process of rusting ____
iron+water+oxyen----> rust oxidation faster
59
to stop rusting we can: galvanizing- painting/greasing- electroplating- sacrificial protection-
.zinc layer [stops oxygen, water, salt from attacking the iron] .paint/grease stops oxygen, water, salt .a thin layer of metal on the object .a metal higher up the reactivity series is connected to the iron and donating it's electrons
60
mixtures are materials made up of __ or ___ different substances, ______ combined mixtures are made _____ while compounds are made ________
2 or more physically physically chemically
61
air is a mixture of _____ [78%], _____ [20%], _____[1%] and other inert gases _____ and the inter gases don't do much
nitrogen oxygen argon nitrogen
62
a ____ is something you can dissolve [salt] a ____ is what the solute dissolves in [water] a ____ is the mixture that you've made [saltwater] an _____ substance is when the ____ doesn't dissolve in the solvent a ______ substance is when the solute dissolves in the ____
solute solvent solution insoluble solute soluble solvent
63
hydrogen properties + test + equation
odourless, colourless, tasteless, flammable, nontoxic gas, lightest gas, forms water with oxygen put a clean, pure piece of magnesium in a test tube and fill it up halfway with dilute hydrochloric acid. cover the top of the test tube with another test tube to ignite the gas when you see gas bubbles on the magnesium. the gas burns with a pop sound, a small explosion with a pale blue flame metal+acid----> salt+hydrogen
63
factors affecting the rate of dissolving stirring- temperature- particle size-
. helps distribute the solute particles . in hot solvents, the particles have more energy of movement . smaller particles have greater surface area
63
separation techniques [6]
.by hand .by magnet .evaporation=separate solid from liquid .filtration= residue- what's left in filter paper, filtrate- what passed through the filter paper .chromatography=separate different colored dyes. more soluble move further up, less soluble are lower .distillation=separate and collect a liquid from a solution of a soluble solid
64
properties of oxygen, use, equation for combustion, test
odourless, colourless, tasteless used in respiration, plants use it for photosynthesis fuel+ oxygen---> carbon dioxide+water+heat put a splint in a test tube of oxygen, the splint will relight
65
what is forensic science
forensic science is when different fields of science work together to solve criminal law cases
66
why is protective clothing worn in forensic science
to avoid contaminating the crime scene, this'll help to preserve the evidence.
66
what are fingerprints, how theyre taken off places, the 3 main types of patterns
fingerprints are different/unique for everyone, they're formed from raised patterns on the fingers, family members have similar fingerprints but they all have a difference. they use sticky tape and powder to study fingerprints 3 main types: arches- like narrow mountains, slope upward and then down whorl- from a spiral/ circular pattern loops- begin on 1 side, curves around/upward and exits on the other side
67
footprints and shoeprints
shoesize can help estimate the person's height if the prints are on sand [ex.] the deepness of the print can help estimate the weight
68
body temp. after death and hair
our body temp. goes down by 2 degrees C per hour after death hair is observed under microscopes, people have different hair type, colour and texture and hair carries DNA
69
dentition and chromatography
a bit on the skin leaves a tooth pattern giving evidence to any dental abnormalities and tooth shape. bit marks can also help identify age, sex and jaw structure chromatography is carried out on blood, car paint, ink and food substances. an investigator can tell if more than 1 pen was used by testing the dyes with chromatography
70
fire triangle and explosions
the fire triangle consists of fuel, oxygen and heat explosions happen when there are high temperature and dangerous chemicals reacting together. flame tests help us identify the chemicals causing the explosion
71
flame tests/colours
potassium-lilac sodium-yellow/orange lithium-red calcium-brick red copper-green
72
what is friction 2 useful types of friction 2 non-useful types of friction
friction is a force that always opposes motion makes things slow down/stop and grip tyres have treads to increase friction with the road, reducing chances of skidding things get worn out when they rub together machines have a lot of parts that rub together
73
how do we measure forces
we measure the size of a force by using the newton meter. we measure them in newtons [N]
74
what is a shadow what is opaque, transparent and translucent
a shadow is the absence of light opaque- block all light [wood] transparent- let light through [glass] translucent- block some light [wax paper]
74
light travels ____ than sound. objects which give out light energy are called _____ and objects which reflect light are called _____. 5 ex of both
faster luminous non-luminous luminous: torch, sun, candle, phone, fire non-luminous: moon, table, clothes, wood, pocket
74
light travels in _____ _______. 3 ex of when we use reflections
straight lines dentists, mirrors, submarines

9.3 (4 decks)

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