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Science 20 Bio Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Commensalism

A

One benefits other is unharmed

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2
Q

Parasitism

A

One benefits other is harmed

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3
Q

Mutualism

A

Both organisms benefit

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4
Q

What is a pioneer species

A

The pioneer species is the initial species to appear during succession

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5
Q

Invasive species

A

Not native to environment and can be harmful

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6
Q

Primary succession

A

No soil present after disturbance, may been caused by a wipeout

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7
Q

Secondary succession

A

Soil present after a disturbance. Usually cause by a natural disaster

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8
Q

Biotic potential

A

The ability for a species to increase under ideal conditions

Brith potential: max number of off spring

Capacity of survival: number of off spring that will live to reproduce

Breeding frequency: number of times a species can reproduce in a year

Length of reproduction: how long an organism is able to produce off spring Capacity

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9
Q

Factors that affect biotic potential

A

Light,lack of space,food availability etc

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10
Q

Why do predator and prey vary

A

When there is more prey the predator increases and over time the prey decreases because the predator is eating all the prey then when there is very few to no prey the predator starts decreasing because no food and then the prey will grow again

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11
Q

Nitrification

A

Nitrifying bacteria in the soil convert NH3/NH4 into No2 nitrites and No3 nitrate which plants use

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12
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

Bacteria on plants or bacteria in the soil take nitrogen(N2) from the atmosphere and convert it into ammonia(NH3

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13
Q

Ammonification

A

When plants and animals die,decomposers return ammonia to the soil. It can be used again and again

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14
Q

Photosynthesis and respiration

A

Plants take Co2 from the atmosphere and organisms releasing respiration. photosynthesis fits into the carbon cycle because carbon dioxide is pulled from the air to produce food made for plant growth

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15
Q

Carbon reservoirs

A

1.ocean
2.atmosphere
3.on land organisms
4. Underground fossil fuels

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16
Q

Condensation

A

Vapor to liquid ex:clouds

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17
Q

Decaying organisms

A

Over long periods of time the decomposition pressure and heat will generate fossil fuels

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18
Q

Emissions of fossil fuel

A

The burning of fossil fuel emits Co2 back into the atmosphere

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19
Q

Evaporation

A

Liquid to vapor

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20
Q

Run off

A

Precipitation falls on to land and runs into bodies of water

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21
Q

Precipitation

A

Rain,snow, sleet,hail

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22
Q

Transpiration

A

Plants

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23
Q

Green house effect

A

The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in Earth’s atmosphere trap the Sun’s heat. This process makes Earth much warmer than it would be without an atmosphere

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24
Q

Albedo effect

A

How much light is reflected back from a surface. A surface with high albedo means a lot of light is reflected (light surfaces) while low albedo mean that light is absorbed and then re admitted as thermal energy (dark surfaces)

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25
What is acid deposition
Acid deposition includes both dry and wet deposition with a ph less then 5.6 Wet deposition is reacting with water in the atmosphere to form rain,snow or hail Dry deposition is transported by wind
26
Algal blooms
An algal bloom is a rapid increase in the density of algae in an aquatic system.
27
Why water is important
1. major component of living organisms 2. high specific heat capacity 3. Important for chemical reactions 4. Universal solvent 5. Capillary action
28
Biotic
Living organisms ex: animals,bacteria, fungi,plants
29
Abiotic
Non living ex: temperature,light,air,water,soil
30
Primary consumer
The organisms that eat the producers
31
Secondary consumer
Organism that receive their energy from primary consumers
32
Symbiosis
A close and permanent relationship between two different species
33
Fossils
Paleontology,the study of fossils has led to significant discoveries supporting the theory of evolution. More the 5% of fossil species have been discovered, however scientists think this is only a fraction of what has lived on earth. Fossils are formed in different ways
34
What can fossils tell us
- provides clues about how and when new species appeared, evolved, and became extinct -look at similarities and differences in anatomy -shows us that life is old and has changed a lot over time
35
Endemic species
A endemic species is species that are closely related tend to have a lot of structure similarities
36
Homologous features
Features with similar structure but different functions
37
Analogous features
Features that are similar in function but do not have the same evolutionary history
38
Vestigial features
Features that no longer seem to have a purpose in the current form of the organism
39
Gradualism
Gradualism is the idea that individuals change slowly over long periods of time
40
Punctuated equilibrium
Punctuated equilibrium is the idea that sometimes species may change a lot quickly and then not change for a while
41
Darwins theory
Species keep evolving/changing over time
42
Lamarcks theory
Lamarck's theory says that traits an organism develops during its life can be passed to its offspring.
43
Photosynthesis
the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar
44
Denitrification
Excess nitrates in the soil are converted back into atmospheric nitrogen by a different set of bacteria.
45
Mutation
A random change of one of the amino acids -if the mutation is beneficial to an organism,it will be passed down to the next generation and evolution will continue to take its course -if the mutation is harmful to the organism, it will not be passed down to the next generation and because of that it will not help the organism evolve - if the mutation is neutral to an organism, then it may or no have an effect on the evolution of the organism
46
Environmental factors that may cause mutations
•climate •poaching
47
Darwin’s theory of natural selection
Darwin's theory of natural selection It explains how species evolve over time through a process where individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
48
Biosphere
This is the whole Earth where life exists, including all the plants, animals, and their environments.
49
Biosphere
This is the whole Earth where life exists, including all the plants, animals, and their environments.
50
Community
The combination of multiple populations of species residing in a specific location.
51
Population
A group of one species that occupies a specific geographic location
52
Closed population
Does not allow for movement of organisms between populations.
53
Open population
allows for the movement of organisms between populations.
54
Interspecific
When individuals from different species are competing for the same resource
55
Intraspecific
Members of the same species compete for the same resource
56
Over production
More offspring are produced than can live
57
Struggle for existence
Limited resources not enough for all
58
Variation
Within the species there will be variations (size,color)
59
Survival of the fittest
To live long enough to reproduce
60
Origin of a new species
Ex: long neck giraffes
61
Abiotic and biotic factors that can affect population
Promote growth Biotic: lots of food, stable number of predators, vegetation Abiotic: lot of clean water, adequate sunlight, adequate weather Limit growth Biotic: no/low food, no/low vegetation, competition Abiotic: low/no water, bad/not adequate weather, not enough sunlight, no shelter
62
The process of natural selection
1.over production 2.struggle for existence 3.variation 4.survival of the fittest 5. Origin of a new species
63
Order of nitrogen cycle
1. nitrogen fixation 2. nitrogen assimilation 3. ammonification 4. nitrification 5. denitrification
64
Assimilation
Animals eat the plants to get nitrogen (Plants absorb NO3)
65
Atmospheric
Pathway lightning N2-NO3
66
Decomposition
Dead organisms and animal waste
67
Population distributions
Clumped: resources are not distributed equally Random: no particular pattern Uniform: limited resources avoiding competition

Science 20 (4 decks)

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