SCIENCE 3RD QUARTER: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Question 1

What is the main idea of the digestive system?

Answer 1

• break down food so nutrients get absorbed

Question 2

What are the main stages of the digestive system?

Answer 2

1. Ingestion of Food
2. Breaking down/Digestion of Food
3. Absorption of Nutrients
4. Elimination/ Defication

Question 3

What is Ingestion?

Answer 3

• act of eating (😋)

Question 4

What is Digestion?

Answer 4

• the process of breaking food down into soluble molecules
• two types: Mechanical or Chemical

Question 5

What is Mechanical Digestion?

Answer 5

• physical breakdown of food
• chewing, swallowing, mixing

Question 6

What is Chemical Digestion?

Answer 6

• chemical breakdown of food
• involves enzymes and amylose

Question 7

What are Enzymes?

Answer 7

• proteins that speed up the biological reaction

Question 8

What is Amylose?

Answer 8

• begins the process of chemical digestion

Question 9

What is Absorption?

Answer 9

• the uptake of nutrients by body cells

Question 10

What is Defication/Elimination?

Answer 10

• the elimination of waste
  (poop joke here)

Question 11

What are the parts of the Digestive System?

Answer 11

1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small Intestine
5. Large Intestine
6. Liver
7. Pancreas
8. Rectum

Question 12

What is the Mouth?

Answer 12

• recieves and breaks down food
  Teeth - chew into smaller pieces
  Tongue - shaped recieved food into bolus

Question 13

What is the Esophagus?

Answer 13

• muscular tube that connects to the pharynx
• walls lined with smooth muscles
• carries food to stomach through peristalsis

Question 14

What is the Stomach?

Answer 14

• churns, mashes, & digests food
• stores food then spews gastric juice

Question 15

What is Gastric Juice?

Answer 15

• HCI + Pepsin
• converts food into chyme

Question 16

What is the Small Intestine?

Answer 16

• absorbs nutrients and digests food
• contains vili

Question 17

What are Vili?

Answer 17

• help the absorption of nutrients from ingested food and water molecules.
• found in small intestine

Question 18

What is the Large Intestine?

Answer 18

• absorbs & turns food wastes to poop
• restores and recovers water that entered the alimentary canal

Question 19

What is the Liver?

Answer 19

• breaks down fat to energy using bile

Question 20

What is the Pancreas?

Answer 20

• releases Pancreatic enzymes to break down food
• releases insulin to regulate sugar

Question 21

What is the Rectum?

Answer 21

• where feces and waste exit the anus
• the end of the of the digestive system

Question 22

What is the first step of the digestive system?

Answer 22

• salivary glands deliver saliva to lubricate food. - Amylase (Enzyme) is present

Question 23

What is the second step of the digestive system?

Answer 23

• teeth chew food into smaller particles.

Question 23

What is the third step of the digestive system?

Answer 23

• the tongue shapes food and provides help with swallowing.
• the shape the tongue forms out of the food is called a bolus

Question 23

What is the fourth step of the digestive system?

Answer 23

- the bolus travels to the pharynx (throat region).

Question 24

What is the fifth step of the digestive system?

Answer 24

- the esophagus conducts food from the pharynx down to the stomach - this process is called peristalsis.

Question 24

What is the sixth step of the digestive system?

Answer 24

- the stomach stores food and secretes gastric juice, which converts a meal to acid chyme. - the gastric juice is made out of HCl + Pepsin

Question 25

What is the seventh step of the digestive system?

Answer 25

- coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscle churn the stomach’s contents.

Question 26

What is the eighth step of the digestive system?

Answer 26

- chyme from the stomach mixes with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and the small intestine - takes place in the small intestine

Question 27

What is the ninth step of the digestive system?

Answer 27

- villi and microvilli in the small intestine facilitate the absorption of nutrients from ingested food and water molecules.

Question 28

What is the tenth step of the digestive system?

Answer 28

- the colon of the large intestine functions to reabsorb water - recovers water that has entered the alimentary canal.

Question 29

What is the eleventh step of the digestive system?

Answer 29

- The feces (waste)become more solid as they move through the colon.

Question 30

What is the twelfth step of the digestive system?

Answer 30

- feces pass through the rectum and exit via the anus.

Question 31

What are the 6 types of diseases of the digestive system?

Answer 31

1. Undernourishment 2. Malnourishment 3. Ulcers 4. Liver Cirrhosis 5. Diarrhea 6. Constipation

Question 32

What is Undernourishment?

Answer 32

- the result of a diet that supplies less chemical energy than the body requires - most common in South Asia

Question 33

What is Malnourishment?

Answer 33

- the long-term absence from the diet of one or more essential nutrients - most common in poverty

Question 34

What are Ulcers?

Answer 34

- an open sore that develops on the inside lining of the stomach and/or the upper portion of the small intestine - NO. BUT H. PYLORI BACTERIA.

Question 35

What is Liver Cirrhosis?

Answer 35

- scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism - commonly found in 45 - 55 year olds

Question 36

What is Diarrhea?

Answer 36

- loose, watery and possibly more-frequent bowel movements - 20 liters per day with diarrhea

Question 37

What is Constipation?

Answer 37

- occurs when bowel movements become less frequent and stools become difficult to pass - if constipated for more than 3 days, medical attention required