Science Flashcards by a g

Scientific method steps

Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Theory
Principle or law (repeat(

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Homeostasis

Balanced internal situation to stay alive and healthy

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Geologic Eras oldest to newest

Precambrian
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic

Please Pay My Children!

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Precambrian Era characteristics

Formation of earth
Cooling
High seismic activity
Life appears - worms, jellyfish

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Paleozoic Era characteristics

My ranges formed

More advanced life - sharks, starfish, dragonflies, some reptiles, trilobites

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Mesozoic Era characteristics

230 - 65 million years ago
Dinosaurs rise and fall
Birds appear
Snakes, modern fish
Periods: Triassic --> Jurassic --> Cretaceous

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Cenozoic Era characteristics

500,000 years ago - today
Current era
Rise and fall of global ice age
Appearance of most of today’s animal life

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What is relative humidity?

Percentage of how much water vapor the air could hold at a given temperature

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Earths distance from sun and relative size

93,000,000 miles
4th largest (bigger than Mercury , Venus , Mars
Smaller than all outer ring planets)

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Planet with most moons

Jupiter / 63

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Planet with Fewest moons

Mercury / Venus - 0

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Shortest and longest planet orbits

88 days
164 years (Neptune)

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Earth atmospheric makeup

21% Oxygen
78% Nitrogen
0.03% Carbon dioxide
Trace amounts of rare gases, water vapor, and dust particles

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Formula for dry ice

Solid CO2

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Isotopes

Two or more forms of the same element

Same number of protons and electrons; different number of neutrons

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An insulator is a material with…?

Very few, if any, free electrons.

Can be used to protect the conductor

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How long does it take for Light from the sun to reach earth?

8 minutes

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Speed of light

186,282 miles per second

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Cells that can be scraped from the mouth lining are called?

Epithelial tissue

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Epithelial tissue

Skin and inner lining for organs

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4 types of human tissue

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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Connective tissue

Protects, supports and binds organs together. Separates structures and sometimes stores energy

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Single replacement chemical reaction

One substance in a compound is freed and another takes its place

Ex. A + BC –> B + AC

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Double replacement chemical reaction

Also called double displacement, exchange, or metathesis reactions—occurs when parts of two ionic compounds are exchanged, making two new compounds.

Ex. AB + CD –> CB + AD

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Composition chemical reaction

2 or more elements or compounds combine to form a more complex substance

Decomposition chemical reaction

Complex compound breaks down to simpler compounds

Kinetic energy equation

Mass * acceleration (gravity) * distance (height) = joules

Gravitational velocity

9.8m/s^2

Definition of Power

Rate at which work is done. Measured in Watts or joules

Amperes equation

I = Q / T I - current in amperes Q - charge in coulombs T - time in seconds

Two most common semiconductors

Germanium and silicone

3 Common electricity conductors

Silver (better) > copper (cheaper) > aluminum (lighter)

Unit of electricity conductance

Siemen (S) = 1 / Ohms

Unit of electricity resistance

Ohms = 1/Siemens

Ohms law

Strength of current is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance

Work equation and units

Work is measured in Newtons or pound-force (Ibf). 1 Ibf = 4.45 Newtons work = force x distance

Mechanical Advantage (general)

force acting on the load to the force of effort. MA = F(L) / F(E) F(L) - output force. Load x load distance F(E) - input force. Effort x effort distance

efficiency

Efficiency = work out / work in

Mechanical Advantage (leaver)

MA(leaver) = F(L) / F(E) = effort arm length / load arm length

Wedges

Double include plane (both sides are inclined). Force is perpendicular to the inclined surfaces thus pushing the two surfaces apart.

How do pulleys work?

For one pulley, you only exert half the effort to raise the load that you would need to by lifting it directly. The trade off is that you must pull twice as much rope through (i.e., the 'effort distance' doubles). The tension in the other end of the rope lifts the other half of the weight. If there are three ropes lifting the object you only exert 1/3rd of the effort to raise the load but pull three times as much rope through. Keep in mind that in reality, the more pulleys you add the more friction and weight you add to the system, i.e., real effort > ideal effort.

Mechanical Advantage (hydraulic jack)

MA(hj) = area of the load piston / area of the effort piston = a(L) / a(E) = d(E) / d(L) ``` a(L) = Area of load piston = Pi*r^2 a(E) = Area of effort piston = Pi*r^2 d(L) = distance load piston moved d(E) = distance effort piston moved ```

The Wassermann test may indicate the presence of?

Syphilis | Blood test

The process responsible for the continuous removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is called?

Photosynthesis

The salivary glands secret the enzyme ptyalin, which acts on

Carbohydrates

Ringworm is caused by a(n)?

Fungus (skin disease)

The vitamin that helps coagulation of blood is?

The vitamin that helps prevent scurvy is?

Vitamin C

Vitamin that maintains muscle tone and aids in fertility is?

Vitamin E

Vitamin that helps prevent rickets?

Vitamin D

The cyclotron is used to?

Split atoms

Boiling and freezing points in Fahrenheit ?

Freezing: 32 Deg Boiling: 212 Deg

Height of mercury in a thermometer at sea level?

30 inches

Nitrogen fixing bacteria are found in?

Nodules on the roots of the clover and legumes

If you wish to cut down on saturated fats and cholesterol in your diet, which foods should you avoid?

Milk and milk products?

What is an ion?

An ion is a charged atom or molecule. It is charged because the number of electrons do not equal the number of protons in the atom or molecule.

Equation for Watts

Watts (W) = volts x amps | Watts = joules / second

Joules equation

Joules (J) = Newtons x meters

Force needed to lift a weight with a lever

F(E)r(E) = F(L)r(L) | --> F(E) = F(L)r(L) / r(E)

The statement that best describes a "high" on a weather map is?

The air pressure is greater than normal

Fungi are found in abundance deep in the forest primarily because...

They have a plentiful supply of organic matter

A 1000 ton ship must displace weight of water equal to?

1000 tons

Vitamin C is also known as ?

Ascorbic acid

Feet per mile

5280

Science Flashcards

(64 cards)