Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Second Form Exams > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

(96 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Heat

Describe the mechanism of heat loss by conduction.

A

Energy transferred by vibration between particles. Can occur in a solid and is best in a metal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Heat

Describe the mechanism of heat loss by convection.

A

Energy transferred by a particle (with energy) moving from a hot to cold region – taking it’s energy with it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Heat

Why are convection currents created?

A

As particles heat up they vibrate more, this makes the substance expand, become less dense and then rise.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance made up of only one type of atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance made of two or more different types of atoms chemically joined together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically joined together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

A substance is pure when all particles are the same.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is ‘miscible’?

A

A word used by chemists to explain why some liquids mix together well, while others do not.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a solute?

A

A substance that has dissolved in a solvent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A substance that dissolved a solute resulting in a solution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a solution?

A

A mixture of a solvent and one or more solutes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

A solution that has the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Density

what is the density equation?

A

p=m/v

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Density

What is mass?

A

the amount of matter something is made of (in g or kg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Density

What is volume?

A

the amount of space an object occupies (in cm cubed or m cubed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Density

What is the definition for density?

A

the amount of matter (stuff) per unit volume, measured in g/m cubed or kg/m cubed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Density

What are the three states of matter?

A

solid, gas and liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Density

Mass of a liquid = ?

A

mass of a liquid =mass of (cylinder+objecy) - mass of cylinder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Density

What happens to the density of an object if the mass is doubled but the volume remains the same?

A

it doubles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Density

What happens to the density of an object if the volume is doubled but the mass remains the same?

A

it halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Density

What happens to the density of an object if the mass is doubled but the volume is halved?

A

it quadruples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Static liquid pressure and proportionality

what happens to static pressure when the depth increases?

A

It increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Static liquid pressure and proportionality

Is static pressure proportional to depth? (h)

A

yes - static pressure is proportional to depth (h)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Static liquid pressure and proportionality

On a graph is a straight line goes through the origin then what does it mean about the two variables?

A

They are proportional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Static liquid pressure and proportionality | What happens if one variable double for a graph that is a straight line going through the origin ?
if one variable doubles the other doubles
26
Conduction | good conductors include:
copper
27
Conduction | poor conductors / insulators include
plastic or wood
28
Conduction | describe the mechanism of heat loss by conduction
conduction is energy transferred by vibration between particles and can occur in a solid state. It is best in metal.
29
Convection | Describe the mechanism of heat loss by convection
Convection heat loss is energy transferred by a particle (with energy) moving from a hot region to a cold region - taking its energy with it.
30
Convection | Why are convection currents created?
as particles heat up they vibrate more, this makes the substance expand, become less dense and then rise.
31
Convection | how do air pockets reduce heat loss?
by conduction and by convection Conduction: Air is a poor conductor Convection: The design of air pockets restricts the flow of air currents
32
Radiation | What does radiation radiate from?
hot objects
33
Radiation | what radiates more, hot or cool objects?
hot
34
Radiation | What colour surface radiates well and cool quickly?
matt black surfaces
35
Radiation | What colour surfaces radiate poorly and cool slowly?
shiny silver surfaces
36
Radiation | why on a cooling curve does heat loss decrease over time?
because hotter objects radiate more heat than cooler objects
37
What three ways can heat transfer happen?
conduction convection radiation
38
How does surface area to volume ratio affect cooling rate - for large objects?
Large objects (Emperor Penguins) have a low surface area to volume ratio and as a result they cool more slowly
39
How does surface area to volume ratio affect cooling rate - for small objects?
small objects (Galapagos Penguins) have a high surface area to volume ratio and as a result they cool more quickly
40
Respiration what is the word equation for aerobic respiration? (Occurring in the mitochondria of cells)
glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water (+energy released)
41
Respiration | what type of reaction is aerobic respiration?
an exothermic reaction, it releases energy for life processes
42
Respiration what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in an animal cell? (does not use oxygen)
glucose --> lactic acid (+energy released) | it is also an exothermic reaction
43
Conduction | what type of conductors are solids, liquids and gasses?
Solids tend to be good conductors and gasses tend to be poor conductors (liquid in between)
44
Nutrition | what are the six basic nutrient groups?
carbohydrates. fats, protein, fibre, vitamins and minerals
45
Nutrition | how do you define a carbohydrate?
a group of energy-rich substances which are an immediate source of energy
46
Nutrition | What are fats used for?
fats are used as an energy store, used if the body runs out of carbohydrates and fats insulate the body
47
Nutrition | what is protein needed for
growth and repair of tissues
48
Nutrition | what is fibre and how does it work in the digestive system?
fibre is indigestible | fibre keeps your digestive system working properly
49
Nutrition | what does the body need water for?
water - helps chemical reactions take place - regulate body temperature - transport nutrients - help get rid of waste
50
Nutrition | What is vitamin A needed for?
healthy skin | good eyesight
51
Nutrition | What happens if you dont have enough vitamin A?
night blindness
52
Nutrition | What is vitamin C needed for?
healthy gums and skin | help body absorb iron
53
Nutrition | What happens if you dont have enough vitamin C?
Scurvy
54
Nutrition | What is vitamin D needed for?
strong teeth and bones | helps body absorb calcium
55
Nutrition | What happens if you dont have enough vitamin D?
rickets
56
Nutrition | What is Calcium needed for?
healthy teeth and bones
57
Nutrition | What happens if you dont have enough Calcium?
osteoporisis
58
Nutrition | What is Iron needed for?
helps blood carry oxygen
59
Nutrition | What happens if you dont have enough Iron?
anaemic
60
Preserving Food | What are the five animal kingdoms?
``` animal plant fungi bacteria protoctista ```
61
Preserving Food | What are microbes or micro organisms?
tiny living things such as viruses, bacteria or fungi
62
Preserving Food | What three things do microbes need to multiply?
water food source (energy) suitable temperature
63
Preserving Food | What are the two bad effects of some microbes?
make food go off | make people feel unwell
64
Preserving Food | how do people control the growth of microbes on food? (3 things)
salt vinegar drying or heating
65
Preserving Food | How do you separate salt from rock salt?
dissolving, filtering and evaporation
66
Reproduction - Selective Breeding | What does it involve?
choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics
67
Reproduction - Selective Breeding | what is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?
sexual reproduction is the combining of genetic material from two parents asexual reproduction is produces offspring genetically identical to one parent
68
Reproduction - Selective Breeding | what are the five main stages of internal fertilisation in humans?
``` ovulation ejaculation fertilisation cell division implantation ```
69
Reproduction - Selective Breeding | What are the 3 main stages of the menstrual cycle?
day 1- period begins and uterus lining breaks down, egg matures and uterus lining thickens day 14- ovulation occurs, uterus ready to receive embryo day 28- lining breaks down if no egg implantation takes place
70
Reproduction - Selective Breeding | how might chemicals in a woman get to a foetus?
chemicals in the mother's blood can diffuse through the placenta to the blood of the foetus.
71
Combustion | Miscible means?
how well something mixes
72
Combustion | Miscible liquids form what type of solution?
homogenous
73
Combustion | How do immiscible liquids combine?
they don't | they separate from each other leaving the least dense liquid on top
74
Combustion | How do you separate two immiscible liquids?
using a separating funnel
75
Combustion | the word equations for complete combustion is ?
fuel + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water
76
Combustion | what is the test for water?
cobalt chloride paper turns blue to pink
77
Combustion | The test for carbon dioxide is ?
limewater turns cloudy
78
Combustion | The test for carbon dioxide is ?
limewater turns cloudy
79
Combustion | What happens with an exothermic reaction?
releases energy resulting in the surroundings increasing in temperature
80
Combustion | What happens with an endothermic reaction?
take in energy resulting in the surroundings decreasing in energy
81
Combustion | If fuel burns without sufficient oxygen, what is formed?
Carbon monoxide
82
Combustion If fuel burns without sufficient oxygen, carbon monoxide is formed. The word equation is...?
Fuel + oxygen --> carbon monoxide + carbon (soot) + water
83
Combustion | What happens to a human when they take in carbon monoxide?
It is toxic it reduces the amount of oxygen in your blood it causes asphyxiation
84
Electricity | What is an ammeter?
it measures the rate of flow of charge in amperes (A) and is connected in series
85
Electricity | What is voltage?
the electrical pressure exerted on a circuit or component
86
Elements. compounds and mixtures | What is an element?
a substance made up of only one type of atom
87
Elements. compounds and mixtures | what is a pure compound?
a pure substance made up of two or more different types of atoms chemically joined together
88
Elements. compounds and mixtures | Molecules are ...?
a group of atoms that are chemically joined together
89
Elements. compounds and mixtures | what is a mixture?
two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically joined together
90
Elements. compounds and mixtures | what is a heterogeneous mixture like?
a mixture that is not uniform in composition
91
Elements. compounds and mixtures | what is a homogeneous mixture like?
a mixture that is uniform in composition
92
Solutions | what is a solute?
a substance that has dissolved in a solvent
93
Solutions | what is a solvent?
a substance that dissolves a solute resulting in a solutions
94
Solutions | what is a solution?
a mixture of a solvent and one or more solutes
95
Solutions | What is a saturated solution?
a solution that has the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent
96
Solutions | What is solubility?
a chemical property referring to the ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent.

Second Form Exams (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions