Science Flashcards
Final Exam (106 cards)
1
Q
What is the basic part of all living things?
A
Cells
2
Q
What is the largest group an organism can be classified into?
A
Kingdom
3
Q
Give an example of a Kingdom.
A
plants, animals, fungi, protists and monerans
4
Q
What is the jelly-like substance found in a cell?
A
Cytoplasm
5
Q
What carry water, food, or wastes into and out of a cell?
A
Vacuoles
6
Q
What’s the name of the organelle responsible for photosynthesis?
A
Chloroplasts
7
Q
What do chloroplasts contain?
A
chlorophyll
8
Q
What does photosynthesis create?
A
sugar, water and oxygen
9
Q
What is the substance within the chloroplasts that make photosynthesis possible?
A
Chlorophyll
10
Q
What part of the cell acts as the control center?
A
nucleus
11
Q
What breaks down food and releases energy?
A
Mitochondria
12
Q
What is the series of steps used to investigate something that occurs naturally?
A
The scientific method
13
Q
What do you call something that is changed from one experiment to another?
A
a variable
14
Q
What is a possible answer to the question you have called?
A
hypothesis
15
Q
Anything that has mass and volume is called?
A
matter
16
Q
The amount of space matter takes up is called?
A
volume
17
Q
What refers to how tightly pack matter is?
A
density
18
Q
How much matter something has is called?
A
mass
19
Q
All matter is made up of what?
A
atoms
20
Q
What are the smallest particles of an element that still have the properties of that element?
A
atoms
21
Q
What are positively charged particles?
A
protons
22
Q
In an atom, what has no charge?
A
neutrons
23
Q
What are negatively charged particles?
A
electrons
24
Q
Where are the protons and neutrons located?
A
in the nucleus
25
Where are the electrons located?
they travel in shells around the nucleus
26
What do atoms contain?
protons, neutrons and electrons
27
What happens when there are more electrons than protons?
The particle has a negative charge.
28
What happens when an atom loses electrons?
It has a positive charge.
29
What happens when there are the same number of electrons and protons in an atom?
The atom is neutral.
30
What forms when 2 or more atoms combine?
Molecules
31
How are elements and molecules written?
With the elemental abbreviation followed by a smaller number.
32
What does the smaller number of an elemental abbreviation represent?
It tells how many atoms of the molecule are present.
33
What happens when no number is present in an elemental abbreviation?
Only one atom is present
34
What elements does H2O represent?
2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen
35
What are the simplest types of matter?
elements
36
Can elements be broken down any further?
No
37
What is the model called that arranges the elements?
The periodic table
38
What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
Physical changes just changes the state of matter but with chemical changes a new substance is formed
39
Name 3 examples of a physical change.
evaporation, condensation, melting, changes in shape, mixing together
40
Name 3 examples of a chemical change.
precipitate, change color, give off heat, fizz
41
What are made of tightly packed, barely moving particles?
Solids
42
What are made of more loosely packed particles?
Liquids
43
What are spread out fast moving particles?
Gases
44
What is the slow change from a liquid to a gas?
Evaporation
45
What is the change from a gas into a liquid?
Condensation
46
What are substances that test sour and turn litmus paper red?
Acids
47
What are substances that are slippery and turn litmus paper blue?
Bases
48
What is the difference between a conductor and an insulator?
A conductor allows energy to pass through it a insulator does not.
49
Give an example of a conductor.
Metal for example copper, gold and silver
50
Give an example of an insulator.
wood, plastic and ceramic
51
What surrounds a wire carrying an electric current?
magnetic field
52
What is a build-up of an electric charge on the surface of an object called?
static electricity
53
What is it called when electrons suddenly move from one object to another? It includes lightening.
Electric discharge
54
What is an electric circuit that produces a magnetic field?
Electromagnetism
55
Give 3 ways that you can increase the force of an electromagnet.
Adding more current, coiling the wire, and adding an iron rod through the coils
56
What is the order of the plants from closest to the sun to furthest?
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
57
What is the name of the dwarf planet?
Pluto
58
What is a force that attracts any two objects, that increases with mass and proximity called?
Gravity
59
In the solar system, spinning for 1 day is called?
rotation
60
The orbit around the sun takes how long?
1 year
61
What is the orbit around the sun called?
revolution
62
The tendency of an object in motion to keep moving in a straight line unless acted on by another force, such as gravity is called?
inertia
63
Which planets are solid and smaller?
4 inner planets
64
Which planets are larger and made of gas?
4 outer planets
65
What are the 4 outer planets known as?
Gas giants
66
What is located between Mars and Jupiter?
Asteroid belt
67
What is an object so massive and dense that even light cannot escape its gravitational pull?
black hole
68
What is a huge collection of stars?
Galaxy
69
What galaxy are we in?
Milky Way
70
What includes all living and nonliving things in an environment?
ecosystem
71
What factors are the living things in an environment?
Biotic factors
72
What factors are nonliving?
Abiotic factors
73
What is the relationship between 2 or more kinds of organisms that last over time?
Symbiosis
74
What benefits both organisms in a symbiotic relationship?
Mutualism
75
Name 2 examples of mutualism?
our microbiome of gut bacteria and us, honey bee and flower, and lichen-fungi and algae
76
What benefits one organism while harming the other?
Parasitism
77
Name 2 examples of Parasitism?
tapeworms and fleas
78
What are animals that hunt other animals for food called?
Predators
79
What are organisms that are eaten by other animals?
Prey
80
What are you called if you only eat plants?
Herbivore
81
What are you called if you eat mainly other animals?
Carnivore
82
What are you called if you eat a mixture of plants and meat?
Omnivore
83
What are you called if you breakdown dead or decaying plant or animal material, including fungi and bacteria?
Decomposers
84
What is any resource that restricts growth of populations?
Limiting factor
85
What is an adjustment to an animals behavior that allows it a better chance of survival?
Behavioral adaptations
86
Name 2 examples of a behavioral adaptation.
wolves hunting in packs, migration, hibernation
87
What are specific adjustments to internal or external body features?
Structural adaptations
88
Name 2 examples of a structural adaptation.
animal camouflage, sharp teeth in carnivores or the thorns on a cactus
89
Name the 4 types of roots.
tap, fibrous, prop and aerial
90
Give an example of a tap root.
carrots
91
Give an example of a fibrous root.
grass
92
Give an example of a prop root.
mangroves
93
Give an example of a aerial root.
orchids
94
Plants that are vascular contain what two things?
vessels or hollow tubes
95
Plants can be vascular or ...?
nonvascular
96
Vascular plants the produce cones are called?
gymnosperms
97
Vascular plants that produce flowers are called?
angiosperm
98
What is the continuous movement of water between Earth's surface and air and back again?
Water cycle
99
Liquid to gas is called?
Evaporation
100
Gas to liquid is called?
Condensation
101
What is any form of water falling to Earth's surface called?
Precipitation
102
What is one of Earth's major land ecosystems with its own characteristic animals, plants, soil, and climate called?
Biomes
103
What has 4 distinct seasons with a mix of hardwood and conifers?
Deciduous forest
104
What is frozen and treeless?
Tundra
105
What are prairies called?
Grasslands
106
What are wet and warm year round?
Tropical rainforests
