Science Flashcards
(171 cards)
1
Q
Never put chemicals back into the container to avoid contamination
Properly dispose of excess chemicals in liquid waste bottles.
Always wear safety goggles when working with glass, chemicals, or fire
Wash hands before and after experiments
Direct the openings of containers away from faces
Never use/touch chipped or broken glass
Do not eat or drink in the lab
Never directly smell chemicals; instead, waft the air toward the face
Do not taste chemicals
Keep water and objects away from electrical outlets
Always notify the teacher in the case of a spill or accident.
A
common safety practices
2
Q
First aid kit - treat minor injuries
Fire extinguisher - put out flames on materials
Fire blanket - put out flames on a person
Goggles - protect eyes when using glassware or chemicals
Fume hood - pulls chemical gasses up and away from people
Body shower / Safety shower - wash chemical spills off a person
Eyewash station - wash chemicals out of a person’s eye
A
Common safety equipment
3
Q
a standardized information sheet for a substance; includes information about health risks, safe disposal and cleanup of spills, and environmental risks
Any substance used in the classroom should have a physical or digital_________ accessible in the classroom
A
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
4
Q
Wave the air toward the face. The safe way to smell a test tube.
A
Waft
5
Q
The compound name, written out in words
Who made the sample
The date the sample was made
Hazards associated with the material
A
label all chemicals
6
Q
recommended student behavior in a laboratory setting
A
reading and following experiment instructions
7
Q
When is the best time to teach lab safety rules?
A
immediately before the students begin an experiment
8
Q
Classroom animals must meet safety requirements such as ….
A
not being toxic
causing a danger to students
pet cages should be cleaned regularly with household bleach
Teachers should check for any students having allergies before choosing a classroom pet
9
Q
Students should be taught to wash hands before and after any activity involving…..
A
plants, animals, or soil.
10
Q
key principle of the scientific method is
A
the results to be tested and retested by other scientists
11
Q
mnemonic phrase to help remember the prefixes, their factors of ten, and their abbreviations….
A
King - Kilo, 1000, km, kL, kg
Henry- Hecto, 100, hm, hL, hg
Died- Deca, 10, dam, daL, dag
by-[base units} 1, m, L, g
Drinking - Deci, 0.1, dm, dL, dg
Chocolate -Centi, 0.01, cm, cL, cg
Milk- Milli, 0.001, mm, mL, mg
12
Q
a pair of equal fractions
A
proportion
13
Q
Work areas should be kept clean before and after an experiment in completed
Equipment must be returned to its proper place
Follow directions exactly. If in doubt ask teacher for help
No running pushing or horseplay in the lab
Immediately notify your teacher if you get cut or have another injury when performing an experiment
Wash hands before and after each experiment
A
Injury prevention for students
14
Q
Basic science tools that all scientist should know about …
A
Graduated cylinder- long container for measuring volume
Balance or scale - used for measuring weight and determining mass
Pipette- used to transfer a certain volume of liquid
Microscope- used to view all objects
Bunsen burner- creates a flame that is used for heating and sterilization
Test tube- containers that hold liquid in which chemicals can be mixed
Hot plates- used to heat objects
Beakers and Flasks- used to contain liquids
computers
dissecting tools
15
Q
The ability to produce the same value or result
also can be thought of as the number of digits used to record a measurement
A
Precision
16
Q
A measure of how close a measured value is to the true value
A
Accuracy
17
Q
To distinguish between precision and accuracy
Imagine a target in which the bulls eye is our true value. If you shoot a few arrows and the land relatively close to the bulls eye but far apart from each other then this is an illustration of accuracy.
If your arrows land far from the bulls eye but all in a bunch where they are al close to one another, then this is an illustration of precision
A good scientific measure is both precise and accurate
A
Bulls eye analogy
18
Q
The difference between computed estimated or measured value and the true value that is caused by random and inherently unpredictable fluctuations in the measurement instruments
A
Error
19
Q
a prejudice usually of the investigator that can inhibit impartial judgement and can cause certain results to be more likely to happen than should be the case
can invalidate an experiment
A
bias
20
Q
A way of representing information pictorially
A
Chart
21
Q
Organizes numbers and info into columns and rows
A
Table
22
Q
a type of chart which has an x and y axis used to represent the relationship between variables
A
Graph
23
Q
Pictorial representation such as a drawing
A
Diagram
24
Q
Ways that scientist communicate
A
Chart Table Graph Diagram written and oral reports
25
can be replaced as quickly as they can be used
ex: wind energy solar energy hydroelectric power
renewable resources
26
energy such as water wind and solar energy from the sun
commodities such as drinking water crops and wood
green energy
27
resources which will be depleted faster than they can be replenished
are gone once and used (or replenish too slowly to recharge )
ex: natural gas, petroleum
non renewable resources
28
a natural non renewable fuel source. derived from underground fossilized remains of living organisms
ex: coal oil and natural gas
minerals such as gold iron ore and titanium
fossil fuel
29
renewable resources ____ and nonrenewable ___
come back
do not
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assess the relative danger of each chemical used in the classroom
label and store chemicals appropriately
implement saftey procedures for the use and handling of of materials and equipment
follow appropriate procedures for cleaning containers and disposing of chemicals
maintaining safety in the lab for chemicals
31
rules for keeping a live animal
feeding and handling is clearly understood
care for the animal in a humane manner \
animals found in nature should. not be kept as they pose a risk of disease and of attack such as biting
a plan for care must be made in advanced to holidays and vacations
32
the metric system of measurement used by most scientist is the _____ also known as the ____ or ____ because it is used in most countries to maintain consistency in measurements
ex: meters kilometers grams kilograms militers liters cubic centimeters
international systems of units
standard units
SI units
33
all living things are made up of cells and all cells have arisen from other existing cells
robert hooke (1635-1703) and henri dutrochet (1776-1847)
cell theory
34
continents on earth today were long ago formed together in a single landmass
Alfred Wegener (1880-1930)
Plate tectonics
35
1- an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. an object in motion continues in motion with the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. this is known as the law of inertia
2- acceleration is produced when force acts on a mass. The greater the mass the greater amount of force needed (to accelerate the object )
3- for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Isaac newton (1643-1727)
newtons laws of motion
36
every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force directed along the line of centers for two objects that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the separation between the two objects
sir issac newton (1643- 1727)
universal gravity
37
the invention and development of systematic techniques and or tools for making and doing things
technology
38
______ is promoted through students engaging in hands on activities and experimentation
scientific inquiry
39
using the senses to obtain information from the environment
observing
40
talking drawing, electronic information, sharing and acting
communication
41
pairing judging similarities and differences and seeking one to one correspondence
comparing
42
grouping seriating and sequencing
organizing
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determining cause and effect connecting concepts and grouping information
relating
44
using super ordinate subordinate classification using data to make assumptions employing if then reasoning and developing scientific laws
inferring
45
using knowledge to develop strategic plans invent new concepts and processes
applying
46
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observing
communication
comparing.
organizing
relating
inferring
applying
```
are all apart of
science thinking skills
47
exploration- phase in which students assimilate infousing their senses
concept invention- phase in which students share their observations and findings
application - students connect the concept with what they observe in everyday life or what they already know
model developed by robert karplus
1- science must be taught in a way that is consistent with the nature science. science must be taught as an active process - as something we do
2- science teaching must be focused on the ability to think, promotes the students use of independent critical and higher level thinking abilities
3- science must be taught in a way that matches how students learn (mental functioning by piaget) Assimilation, accomodation, organization
three phase learning cycle (OG before the 5E model)
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Engage
explore
explain - students present and share data with their classmates in teacher guided discussion of findings
elaborate- students use the new concept they have learned as it is applied in new contexts
evaluate
5E model
49
an overall increase in average global temperatures due to the green house effect (the increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the earths atmosphere trapping more heat )
global warming/ climate change
50
the process by which scientists analyze potential risks and benefits before conducting scientific investigations and experiments
risk assessment
51
in teaching science these kinds of questions are most effective.
these questions are framed in a way that asks students to reveal their thinking and explain their rationale for conclusions they may draw
from their experience
ex: what do you think ? why do you think that may be true?
probing questions
52
level 1 knowledge - recall factual info on command
ex: LIST LABEL WRITE
level 2 comprehension - communicate an idea in a different form
ex: EXPLAIN RESTATE SUBMIT
level 3 application- use what you need to find new solutions or apply in new situations
Ex: RELATE UTILIZE MAKING SURE OF
level 4 analysis - break things and ideas down into component parts and find their unique characteristics
ex: EXAMINE STUDY DEDUCE
level 5 synthesis- use what is known to think creatively and divergently
ex: CREATE BUILD DEVELOP
level 6 evaluation- use what is known to make judgements and ratings
ex: DECIDE MAKE A RULING RANK
taxonomy of the cognitive domain levels
53
all variables of the experiment remain constant except for the variable being tested
controlled experimentation
54
____ experiments increases reliability of the findings
reliability is established when the same or closely similar findings occur each time the experiment is repeated
repeated
55
measuring learning as it is occurring
allows teachers to adjust the intrustuction according to the student learning and potential difficulties in learning
authentic assessment
56
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this assessment includes techniques such as verbal reports
lab practical exams
story writing
developming advert
contructing conept map
writing essays
play or skit
creating drawings or models
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alternative assessments
57
the key universal forces included in this section are
gravity
electricity
magnetism
58
magnitism is the force of attraction or repulsion between objects that results from the positive and negative charges of the objects
when poles of different kinds (north/south) are placed in close proximity they attract one another
the strength of the forces depends on the size and proximity of the magnets
the charged area around a magnet is called the magnetic field
earth is a large magnet bc of the north and south pole and the feild of attraction of earth
magnetism facts
59
the action of moving an object by pulling or pushing
can cause an object to move at a constant speed or accelerate
force
60
the product of the force acting in the direction of movement and causing displacement
work
61
the ability to do work
ex: when a tow truck uses force to pull a car and move it to a different location energy is being used and work is being accomplished
energy
62
has few or no moving parts and can change the size and directions of a force
ex: screw hammer wedge incline plane
seesaw is a lever
simple machine
63
two or more simple machines workinh together to facilitate work
ex: wheel barrow can opener and a bicycle
complex machine
64
__ and __ is what keep the sun earth moon and olanets in their orbits and explains the structure and changes of the changes the universe
force and motion
65
anything that takes up space and has mass
matter
66
the amount of matter in a n object or thing
causes the object to have weight
mass
67
the amount of space that matter takes up
volume
68
amount of gravitational force exerted over the object
weight
69
118 kinds of matter called ___ which are organized on the periodic table
elements
70
element is composed of sub microscopic components called
atoms
71
atoms are made up of particles called electrons neutrons and protons
the mass of the atom is located mostly in the nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
the electron contains little mass and follows an obit around the nucleus
atom facts
72
___ are two or more atoms bonded together in a chemical bond
molecule
73
are when you have two more different kinds of atoms in the molecule and you have a given amount of that substance
compounds
74
___ represents how matter is relfected or perceived by the human eye
color
75
the mass that is contained in an unit of volume of a given substance
measure of how much matter is packed into a certain amount of space
D=M/V
density
76
represents the resistance to penetration offered by a given a substance
hardness
77
the ability of substance to transmit thermal or electric current
conductivity
78
allows the transfer of electric current or heat from one point to another
ex: metals
conductive matter
79
solid :
have mass occupy a define amount of space or volume or have definite shape
liquid:
have a mass occupy a definite volume do not have definite shape but take shape of container
gas :
has mass a do not have a definite shape or volume but take the shape oftheir container and are the least dense
plasma :
formed in extremely high temperatures when electrons are stripped from neutral atoms (stars)
has no definite shape or voulem and is a substnce that cant be classified as a solid liquid or gas
states of matter
80
combos of two or more substances where each substance is distinct from the other
made up of two or more types of molecules and not chemically combines
mixtures
81
mixtures may be ____ which means an uneven distribution of the substance in the mixture throughout
Ex: milk
a mixture may be ___ which means the components are evenly distributed throughout
heterogenous
| homogenous
82
mixtures that are homogenous which means that the components are distributed evenly and there is an even concentration throughout
solution
83
a change in a substance that does not change what that substance is made of
ex: melting ice, tearing paper chopping wood mixing sugar and water together
physical changes
84
is when the substances that were combines are no longer the same molecules they have changed to new substances
ex: burning wood mixing baking soda and vinegar rusting nail
chemical change
85
when heat is given off in a chemical change it is a __ reaction
ex: firewood burning
exothermic
86
when heat is absorbed in a chemical change (the combination becomes colder) it is an ____reaction
ex: cold pack baking soda and vinegar
endothermic
87
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heat
light
solar radiation
chemical
electrical
magnetic
sound
mechanical
are all ...
```
different forms of energy
88
an object possessing energy because if its ability to to move has ___ energy
ex: moving vehicle
kinetic
89
the energy that an object has as the result of its position or condition is called___ energy
ex: vehicle parked in a garage
potential
90
the energy neccessary to transfer or convert potential energy into kinetic energy is called ___ energy
activation
91
heat is a form of ...
energy
92
when plants capture radiant energy from the sun
transform that energy into ___ and form glucose
photosynthesis
chemical energy
93
__ is a required element for all warm blooded animals like humans
cold blooded animals use __ to warm their bodies
heat
solar energy
94
conduction
radiation
convection
three ways heat is transfered
95
the process of transferring heat or electricity through a substance
occurs when heat makes the molecule move quickly
ex: metal spoon
conduction
96
the energy that travels at high speed in empty space in the form of light or through the decay of radioactive elements
radiation
97
describes the flow of heat through the movement of liquid or gaseous matter from a hot region to a cool region
warm air rises and cool air sinks and warm liquid rises and cold liquid sinks
occurs when the heating of a substance changes the density of the substance
convection
98
all metal parts are touching and the electrical charge is able to continue to be transfered through the circuit
closed circuit
99
when there is a break someplace in the flow of electricity through the circuit
open circuit
100
the _____ surrounding earth protects it from radiation that may bombard our planet from space such as solar winds
gravitational field
101
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ROYGBIV
red
orange
yellow
green
blue
indigo
voilet
```
colors of white light
102
when light waves bounce back
reflection
103
light traveling in a straight line hits an object or substance and is bent
refraction
104
___ waves are more parralel to the direction the waves moves
___ waves move perpendicular to the direction of the wave
longitudinal
105
_____ properties of matter are the characteristics that can only be seen or measured without changing the material
physical
106
___properties of matter are characteristics that can only be seen when the material changes and new materials are formed
ex: wood burns into ashes
chemical
107
water boils at ___ farenheit or ___ degrees celsuis and it freezes at __ degrees farenheit or __ degrees celsuis
212
100
32
0
108
place and weigh a watch glass or dish
place the dry chemical inside the watch glass or dish
subtract the weight or the glass or dish from the total to obtain the real weight of the chemical
when measuring dry chemicals on a balance scale teachers should follow these steps
109
energy and matter may be changed from one form to another but are not ___
lost
110
potential energy is ___
kenetic energy is energy in motion or actively being __
stored
used
111
sound is caused by ___
vibrations
112
animal cells contain __, small round or rod shaped bodies found in the cytoplasm of most cells
its main function is to produce the enzymes for the metabolic conversion of food into energy
this process consumes oxygen and is termed ____
mitochondria
aerobic respiration
113
process by which chlororphyll containing organisms convert light enregy into chemical energy
photosynthesis
114
have a membrane tht regulates the flow of nutrients and water that enter and exit the cell
contain the genetic material (dna) that allows for reproduction
require a supply of energy
contain basic chemicals to make metabolic decisions for survival
reproduce and are the result of reproduction
living organisms are composed of cells that have these characteristics
115
are the simplest and most primitive type of cell
lack a nucleus and instead have one strand of DNA
come in cocci (round) bacilli (rods) spirilla
bacteria are these kinds of cells
prokaryotic cells
116
evolved from prokaryotes
contain organelles seperated from other cytoplasm components by a membrane
within the cell are nucleus mitochondria chloroplasts and golgi apperatus
the nucleus contains DNA
mitochondria have their own membrane and contain some DNA info and proteins which generate energy for the cell
golgi apperatus secretes substances needed for the cells survival
eukaryotics cells
117
this variable is manipulated
this variable is fixed
independent variable
dependent variable
118
alexandar graham bell - invented the telephone
rachel carson- founder of environmental science
george washington carver - botanist who called himself the farmers friend
francis crick and james watson- discovered the structure of DNA molecule
marie curie - physiscist who discovered radioactivtiy
leonardo de vince - inventor and artist from the renaissance
thomas edison- invented the light bulb phonograph and the motion picture
henry ford - model t first mass produced car
albert einstien - developed theory of relativity and E=mc^2
galileo - first to use telescope to view planets and stars
issaac newton- discovered the theory of gravity and the laws of motion
louis pasteur- germ theory vaccines pasteurization
scientist and inventors
119
these are organisms whose DNA has been altered (mixing the dna of two or more organisms together)
GMO genetically modified organisms
120
a group of objects or entities creating a whole in which each element interacts with or is related to another object
system
121
capable of exchanging matter energy info with its surounding environment
open system
122
not capable of exchanging matter energy or information with the outside environment and is self contained
closed system
123
include things such as the ecosystem solar system the water cycle and living organisms
natural systems
124
these systems are based solely on matter and energy
physical or thermodynamic system
125
this system can be either part of or a whole living organism
living system
126
the water cycle is a phenomenon where water moves through the three phases (gas, liquid and solid) over the four spheres (atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere) and completes a full cycle.
it regulates the temperature of the surroundings, it changes weather and creates rain, it helps the conversion of rocks to soil
it circulates important minerals through the spheres , it creates many geo features
water cycle
127
evaporation - where the water at the surface turns into water vapors. water absorbs heat energy from the sun and turns into water vapors. water bodies like the ocean are the main source of this step
condensation - as water vaporizs into water vaopr it rises up into the atmosphere. at high altitudes the water vapors changes into very tiny particles of ice/water droplets of low temp. these particles come together and from clouds
sublimation - ice directly converts into water vapors without converting into liquid water . accelerates when the temp is low or pressure is high. the main source of water from this step are ice sheets of the north and south pole and ice on mountains
precipitation - the clouds then pour down as precipitation due to wind or temp change. this occurs bc the water droplets combine make bigger droplets (drizzle hail snow sleet)
transpiration - as water precipitates some of it is absorbed by the soil. liquid water is turned into water vapor by the plants. the roots of the planst absorb the water and push it towards leaves where it is used for photosynthesis
runoff- as the water pours down it leads to this step . water runs over the surface of the earth. when snow melts into water it also leads to runoff. as water runs over the ground it displaces the top soil an dt moves the minerals along with teh stream.
infiltration - some of the water that precipitates does not runoff into the rivers and is absorbed by the plants or gets evaporated it moves deep into the soil
steps of the water cycle
128
four chemical basis double helix structure
adenin
guanine
thymine
is the hereditary material of living organisms
contain genes
DNA Basics
129
one parent
cells divided mitosis
little chance of genetic variation
no formation of gametes
found in lower organisms (bacteria)
Asexual reproduction
130
two parents
cells divided by meosis
genetic variation
formation of gametes (haploid)
found in mammals
sexual reproduction
131
forms of reproduction
involves planta fungi and animals
produce offsrping
asexual and sexual reproduction in common
132
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune pluto
order of the planets
133
when earth is tilted towards the sun more sunlight for summer
when tilted away from sun is winter
when tilted at angle from the sun its spring and fall
tilt and sun interaction
134
igneous
- formed by magma or lava rocks are heavier and darker
sedimentary
- formed by minerals of orgnic matter
- lightweight
- nuetral colors (sand )
commonalities
- covers 80% of earths crust
rock cycle
igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic
135
a representation or description of something specifically one that can used to make predictions that can be tested by experiment and observation
model
136
a representation or description of something specifically one that can used to make predictions that can be tested by experiment and observation
used by scientists
model
137
cluster of stars that make an outline or pattern
constellations
138
essential to living organisms bc it is a main component in the amino acids that make up proteins
no nitrogen = no protien
nitrogen cycle
139
As the earth's plates move, they push against each other, slowly pushing up the rocks in fold to form mountain.
how mountain ranges are formed
140
___ are formed by plate tectonics
___ are formed by erosion
valleys
canyons
141
Chemical energy is the potential of a chemical substance to undergo a transformation through a chemical reaction to transform other chemical substances.
Examples include batteries, food, gasoline, and more.
Breaking or making of chemical bonds involves energy, which may be either absorbed or evolved from a chemical system.
chemical energy
142
mercury venus earth mars
jupiter saturn uranus neptune
pluto ceres eris haumea makemake
inner planets
outer planets
dwarf planets
143
the ___ of the earth causes the seasons and not the distance it is in its orbit away from the sun
tilt
144
_____ as well as _____ impact the landscape and processess on earth
human activities
| natural procesess
145
____ is the interaction of many factors including air temperature air pressure and humidity. ___ is the conditions in the atmosphere at a given location and time
weather
146
the ____ consisist of the sun inner planets outer planets dwarf planets satallites asteriods comets and meteoriods
the sun is the center of the ___
solar system
147
the moon is not visible to earth because the side of the moon facing earth is not being lit by the sun
at this stage between the half moon and the new the new moon the shape of the moon i often compared to banana
during this stage half of the moon is visible
in this stage about three quarters of the moon is visible
the whole moon is visible
new moon
cresent moon
half moon/ first quarter
gibbous moon
full moon
148
zones immediately north and south of the equator are called the tropics of cancer(north) capricorn(south)
arctic circle ( north pole) and the antarctic circle ( south pole )
climate zones
149
the conditions of the atmosphere at a given relatively short period of time
the weather conditions in an area on a continueos seasonal basis
wind is measured by
air pressure is measured by
relative humidity is measured by
weather
climate
anemeter
barometer
psychrometer
150
is the capture of carbon from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by the plants to male glucose. when this glucose is used as food for the plant or other organisms it is digested then by respiration broken apart again into carbon dioxide and returned to the atmosphere
carbon cycle
151
clastic- rocks that are made when pieces of rock mineral and organic material fuse together
chemical - rocks that are formed when water rich in minerals evaporates leaving minerals behind
organic- rocks that are made from remains of plants and animals
sedimentary rock types
152
___ can change the structure and composition of the land and on a larger scale affect the balance of atmosphere gases including carbon dioxide and oxygen levels
deforestation
153
___ tends to trap heat energy and result in an overall warming of the atmosphere which has an impact on climate and growth that in tun affects all livings organisms on earth
carbon dioxide/ green house effect
154
absorbing energy from the sun to sustain life
recycling water and other chemicals needed for life
maintaining the climate working with electric and magnetic forces
serving as a vacuum that protects life
functions of earths atmosphere
155
keeping in earths atmosphere oceans and inhabitants from drifting into space
pulling the rain to the rivers and eventually to the sea
guiding the development and growth of plants
affecting the way that our bones and muscles function
functions of gravity
156
the movement of sediment from one location to the other through the use of water wind ice or gravity
erosion
157
plates that are coming together
plates that are moving apart
convergent plates moves underneath another plate
convergent plates
divergent plates
subduction
158
crust- outer portion of the earth where we live
mantle- the thickest layer of the earth located right below the crust
core- inner part of the earth. composed of a solid inner core and outer core that is mostly liquid. inner core is made of solid iron and nickel
layers of the earth
159
continental drift
all the continents were previously one large continent but then broke apart and drifted through the ocean floor to their present locations
alfred wegner
160
by observing the development of frogs and butterflies student directly acquire info on the life cycles students can also observe how organisms adapt to their environment
fungi obtain energy carbon and water from dead material. fungi do not have chlorophyll so they cant produce food through photosynthesis
chromosomes contain the genetic code or DNA
mitosis describes the process of a cell splitting to create two identical cells
meoisis is the process of cells dividing to produce the egg and sperm cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell so they are ready to restore the normal number of the species upon fertilization
photosynthesis is the process of capturing storing and converting solar energy. it is also the source of oxygen in the atmosphere
insects have three main parts: head thorax and abdomen
humans have several body systems including the musculoskeletal nervous circulatory immune respiratory and digestive/excretory system
adaptations are features or characteristics or an organism that best help it survive in its environement
key principles of the life science competencies
161
the survival and or well being of one of more organisms in the relationship
when both species benefit from the relationship
when one organism benefits but the other organism is harmed
one organism species benefits and the other is niether harmed not benefited
symbiosis
mutualism
paratisism
commensilism
162
the consumption of one living organism plant or animal by another
predation
163
are green plants that produce oxygen and store chemical energy for consumers
are animals both herbivores and carnivore. the herbivores take the chemical energy from plants and cornivores take the energy from other animals or directly from plants
like fungi and bacteria are in charge of cleaning up the environmnet by decomposing and freeing dead matter for recycling back into the ecosystem
producers
consumers
decomposers
164
caused by nerve impuslses sent from the brain through the spinal cord to nerves connecting skeletal muscles
occurs in direct response to outside stimulus
voluntary movement
involuntary movement
165
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cells
tissue
organs
systems
organ systems
organism
```
order of organism
166
stage 1- egg fertilized by male sperm
stage 2- larva called caterpillar
stage 3- pupa-caterpillar forms a cocoon or chrysalis
stage 4- butterfly
stage- reproduction orgnisms lay eggs death of the adult
life cycle of butterfly
167
stage 1- egg fertilized by male sperm
stage 2- embryo
stage 3- tadpole
stage 4-frog
stage 5- reproduction organism lays eggs death of adult
life cycle of frog
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begins with seeds
seeds transported by wind water hitchiking on animals or ingested as food and released as waste
seeds germinate with the help of air right amount of heat and water (no light needed ) but do need light to carry on photosythesis
plants develop root system for support and to extract the water and minerals they need from soil
fertilizers are not food for the plant but provide vitamins and minerals
some plants produce flowers which are pollinated by insects or through the wind
once the sperm leaves the pollen and travels to the ovules or eggs inside the ovary of the pistil and fertilizes the ovules . the feertilized ovules become the seeds
the ovary swells to become the fruit and the flower itself dies because it has now served its purpose
the fruits carry and protect the seeds until they are disperesed to a place where they can sprout and the cycle continues
life cycle of plants
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consists of unicellular organisms. it is the only group of living organisms make up of prokaryote cells the cells with a primitaive organization system (algea/bacteria)
type of eukaryote cell. mostly unicellular organisms that live in aquatic habitats in both freshwater and saltwater. they are not animals or plants nut unique organisms. (protozoans and algea)
mutlicellular organisms, eukaryotic cells, no chloropphyll cant produce food through photosynthisis. obtain energy carbn and water by digesting dead materials
monera
protista
fungi
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founder of periodic table
demetri medelev
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A new or change behavior resulting from experience.
For example you are not born knowing not to touch a hot iron. We must be taught by someone or learn through experience.
learned behavior
