Science assessment- part 1 Flashcards
Watch these videos before the assessment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UD7GHzIRI-s (26 cards)
What is the structure of the Earth?
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
What is the lithosphere?
The lithosphere consists of the crust and the upper part of the mantle
What are the 2 types of crust?
Continental and oceanic crust
How many tectonic plates lie on the continental crust?
7 major and 8 minor tectonic plates
Is the oceanic crust thicker or is the continental crust thicker?
The continental crust is thicker
Where and what is the mantle?
The mantle is located between the crust and the core. It is a region of slow, hot-moving solid rock, and it is the thickest layer of the Earth.
What does the outer core consist of?
The outer core consists mainly of liquid iron and nickel, which is responsible for the Earth’s magnetic field.
What does the inner core consist of?
The inner core consists mainly of solid iron and nickel, kept solid despite extreme heat due to the immense pressure at the center of the Earth.
What does the Earth’s crust consist of?
The Earth’s crust consists of solid rocks, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, and is rich in elements like oxygen, silicon, aluminum, and iron.
What does the Mantle consist of?
The mantle consists mostly of solid silicate rocks rich in magnesium and iron.
Is the mantle liquid or solid?
Solid rock
Why are there convection currents in the mantle?
Convection currents form in the mantle because of heat from the Earth’s core and cooler temperatures near the crust.
What are the differences between oceanic crust and continental crust?
Oceanic crust is thinner, denser, and made of basalt, while continental crust is thicker, less dense, and made of granite.
What layer do tectonic plates float on?
Asthenosphere
Explain how scientists know about the structure of the Earth’s interior, even though we cannot dig deep enough to see it.
Scientists know about the structure of the Earth’s interior mainly through the study of seismic waves produced by earthquakes. These waves travel through the Earth and behave differently depending on the type of material they move through.
How are tectonic plates formed?
Tectonic plates are parts of the Earth’s outer layer that float on top of the semi-fluid layer beneath them. The Earth’s core gets super hot, which causes the asthenosphere to move. This movement makes the hard outer layer (the lithosphere) crack into pieces.
Describe the effect of physical weathering on rock formations.
Physical weathering changes the shape and size of rocks, making them smaller, weaker, and more broken down over time.
Describe the effect of chemical weathering on rock formations.
Chemical weathering changes the minerals in rocks, causing them to weaken, dissolve, or form new substances, which breaks the rock down over time.
What is physical weathering?
Physical weathering is the process by which rock is broken up without the
minerals in it being changed.
What is chemical weathering?
Physical weathering is the process by which rock is broken up with the
minerals in it being changed.
What are the 3 types of physical weathering?
Abrasion: scraping or wearing something away by water, ice, or wind
Frost shattering: When water expands as it freezes, rock breaks apart.
Thermal stress: When heat and changes in temperature cause the rocks to expand and contract, this can break the rock.
What are the 3 types of chemical weathering?
Oxidation: when oxygen combines with iron in the rock and creates a new compound, rust- weakening the rock.
Hydrolysis: when hydrogen reacts and creates a new substance
Carbonation: mixing water with carbon dioxide to create acid rain, this acid will break down/weaken rocks.
Write either chemical or physical weathering for the following:
a) Weathering of limestone and marble buildings
b) Steel reinforcement going rusty
c) Rusty steel pushing the surrounding material away
a) chemical
b) chemical
c) physical
What is weathering?
The process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces
