science biology ae year 10

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

The molecule that determines the characteristics of most living things

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

A section of DNA that expresses certain traits

Question 3

Chromosome

Answer 3

A long DNA molecule wrapped around proteins

Question 4

Sex chromosomes

Answer 4

Are chromosomes that carry the genes that determine the sex of an individual

Question 5

Sex chromosomes in Male

Answer 5

Males have one x and one y chromosomes

Question 6

Haploid

Answer 6

Is a cell that contains only one set of chromosomes

Question 7

Diploid

Answer 7

a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes

Question 8

Homologous

Answer 8

Are chromosomes that contain alleles of the same genotype

Question 9

Non-Homologous

Answer 9

Are chromosomes that contain alleles of different gene types

Question 10

Karyotype

Answer 10

Is an individual’s complete set of chromosomes

Question 11

Nucleotide

Answer 11

Nucleotides are used to create DNA and RNA

Question 12

Base Pairing Rule

Answer 12

Is a set of rules for the regulated form of base pairing between one purine (A,G) and one pyrimidine (T,C)

Question 13

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases

Answer 13

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 14

Triplet

Answer 14

A sequence of three nucleotides that determines one amino acid

Question 15

RNA

Answer 15

Partial copies of DNA that look similar but are shorter and missing one side of the helix

Question 16

Telomere

Answer 16

Are structures made from DNA sequences and proteins found at the ends of chromosomes

Question 17

Gametes (sex cells)

Answer 17

Are an organism’s reproductive cell

Question 18

Somatic cells

Answer 18

The cells in the body except the egg and sperm cells

Question 19

Autosomes

Answer 19

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (22 pairs)

Question 20

Sex chromosomes in female

Answer 20

Females have two x chromosomes

Question 21

Mitosis

Answer 21

The process of making new body cells

Question 22

Meiosis

Answer 22

Is the type of cell division that creates egg and sperm cells into two new cells

Question 23

Cytokinesis

Answer 23

The process in which the cytoplasm of the cell is divided

Question 24

Crossing over

Answer 24

the exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Question 25

Fertilization

Answer 25

The process by which two gametes fuse to become a zygote developing into new organisms.

Question 26

Identical twins

Answer 26

Occurs when a single egg cell is fertilized by a single sperm cell and the zygote splits into two

Question 27

Fraternal Twins

Answer 27

When two separate eggs are fertilised by two separate sperm

Question 28

Inheritance

Answer 28

The process of transmission of genes from parent to offspring

Question 29

Genotype

Answer 29

The genetic makeup of an organism

Question 30

Phenotype

Answer 30

An individual's observable traits

Question 31

Allele

Answer 31

One of two or more versions of a genetic sequences at a particular region on a chromosome

Question 32

dominant Gene

Answer 32

The relation ship between two versions of a gene that overpowers the other

Question 33

Recessive gene

Answer 33

A trait that is expressed only when a genotype is homozygous

Question 34

Homozygous

Answer 34

You inherit the same version of the gene from each parent. Two matching genes

Question 35

Heterozygous

Answer 35

You inherit a different version of a gene from each parent

Question 36

Pure Breeding

Answer 36

When self fertilized, produces offspring with the same observable traits

Question 37

Hybrid

Answer 37

An offspring of two animals or plants of different species

Question 38

Carrier

Answer 38

A person who can pass an inherited genetic/disease on to their children but who does not have the disease

Question 39

Complete dominance

Answer 39

a condition where in the dominant allele completely masks the effect on the recessive allele

Question 40

Gregor mendel

Answer 40

Discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance

Question 41

Number of chromosomes in a body cell (somatic cell)

Answer 41

46 chromosomes

Question 42

Number of chromosomes in a gamete (sex cell)

Answer 42

2 chromosomes

Question 43

Punnet Sqaure

Answer 43

A table in which all of the possible outcomes for a genetic cross between two individuals when known genotypes are given

Question 44

Pedigree

Answer 44

A chart that diagrams the inheritance of a trait or health condition through generations of a family

Question 45

Monosomy

Answer 45

The condition in which only one chromosome from a pair is present in cells rather than the two copies usually found in diploid cells

Question 46

Trisomy

Answer 46

A deviation in chromosome number