Science bulbs Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are the main parts of an incandescent bulb?
filament, connecting wires, electrical contacts, glass envelope, glass fuse enclosure, mixture of inert gases, screw cap, and support wires.
How do you use a Sankey diagram to describe energy transformations quantitatively?
Sankey diagrams show energy input, useful output, and wasted energy by the width of the arrows.
What is the principle of conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
How is efficiency defined?
Efficiency is the ratio of useful energy output to the total energy input.
How can you analyze Sankey diagrams to find the efficiency of energy transformers?
Calculate efficiency as useful output energy divided by input energy, often displayed as a percentage.
What are the benefits of using circuit diagrams?
Circuit diagrams provide a simplified, standardized way to represent circuits.
What is the difference between electron flow and conventional current?
Electron flow is from negative to positive; conventional current is from positive to negative.
What is the difference between DC and AC?
Current is measured in amperes (A), symbolized as I, using an ammeter.
What is the difference between DC and AC?
DC flows in one direction, while AC changes direction periodically.
How does source polarity affect the direction of current?
The positive and negative terminals determine the direction in a DC circuit.
How can batteries arranged in series change the total source voltage of a circuit?
The voltages of batteries in series add up to increase the total voltage.
What is the relationship between battery voltage and current?
Higher voltage generally increases current, depending on circuit resistance.
What are parallel and series arrangements?
Series circuits have one path for current; parallel circuits have multiple paths.
How is an ammeter used to measure current?
Place it in series in the circuit to measure current flow.
How is a voltmeter used to measure source voltage?
Connect it in parallel across the source to measure voltage.
How do series and parallel arrangements affect the brightness of bulbs?
Bulbs in parallel are brighter; in series, they share voltage and are dimmer.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using parallel and series circuits?
Parallel circuits maintain brightness and function if one path is interrupted, but are more complex; series circuits are simpler but fail if one component fails.
