Science cards Biology Flashcards
dont studdy these (18 cards)
What are the 6 kingdoms
Animalia, Plante, Protista, Fungi, Archebacteria, Eubacteria
3 Principles of the cell theory
all living things are made up of cells
new cells are created by old dividing in two
all cells are similar to each other but not identical
Lipase
fat and oils (Glycerol + fatty acid)
Protease
Protein (amino acid)
Amylase
starch- amylase- sugars
where is bile stored before being released into the duodenum
gallbladder
which organ removes water frog undigested food
large intestine
Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic are all bacteria
Eukaryotic are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists
The key structures of the digestive system.
Mouth – where food enters.
Teeth – chew and break food into smaller pieces.
Tongue – moves food around and helps with swallowing.
Oesophagus – tube that carries food to the stomach.
Stomach – mixes and breaks down food with acid and juices.
Small intestine – absorbs most of the nutrients from food.
Large intestine – absorbs water and forms waste.
Rectum – stores waste before it leaves the body.
Anus – where waste exits the body.
And the helper organs:
Liver – makes bile to help digest fats.
Gall bladder – stores the bile from the liver.
Pancreas – makes enzymes that help break down food.
Identify Herbivores, Carnivores and Omnivores
Herbivores: Longer intestines, sometimes multiple stomach chambers (like cows)
Carnivores: Shorter intestines, sharp teeth
Omnivores: Mixed features
What is the role in digestion
They break down large molecules (proteins, carbs, fats) into smaller ones the body can absorb.
Describe the Respiratory System, what’s the function
Takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
describe diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of substances from a high to low concentration.
Identify the organelles of the animal and plant cells
- Cell wall: Support (plants only)
- Cell membrane: Controls movement. Cells boundary.
- Nucleus: Contains DNA
- Vacuole: Stores water and food vacuoles
- Chloroplasts: Photosynthesis (plants)
- Mitochondria: Energy production and the sit of cellular respiration ATP.
- Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum: Lipids and oils. Carbohydrates metabolism.
- Rough Endoplasmic: folding and modification of proteins.
- Ribosomes: Make proteins by assembling amino acids.
- Golgi apparatus: Packages proteins and lipids received from the ER
- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like that made up of the volume of cells.
what are the plant and animal cells
- Plant: Cell wall, chloroplasts, big vacuole
- Animal: No cell wall, no chloroplasts, small vacuoles
Identify the hierarchal relationship
Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ systems → Organism
Describe the function of the Respiratory System
- Mouth/Nose: Air enters
- Trachea: Airway to lungs
- Bronchi: Splits air to each lung
- Bronchioles: Smaller air tubes
- Alveoli: Gas exchange happens
- Capillaries: Carry oxygen in blood
- Diaphragm: Helps breathing by moving up and down
Describe unicellular vs multicellular:
- Unicellular: One cell (like bacteria)
- Multicellular: Many cells (like humans)
