SCIENCE CELLS Flashcards
(49 cards)
What is a cell wall
a cell wall is a touch covering around plant cells, bacteria cells, fungi cells and some Protista cells is the cell wall. It gives plant cells the strength to hold them in shape. Plant cells are made from a substance called cellulose. Water and dissolved substances can pass through cell walls. animal cells do not have a cell wall.
What is chloroplast
chloroplast is found in plant cells and some unicellular organisms. Chloroplast are oval shaped organelles that are mostly found in plant cells. They have a green substance called chlorophyll. Chloroplast use energy from the sun to make food this is also called photosynthesis. Chloroplast is not found in all plant cells only ones in stem and leaf cells.
What are ribosomes
ribosomes is what proteins are made up of.They make up hair and nails, they are found in blood to help transport oxygen. found in plant and animal cells.
What is golgi apparatus
golgi apparatus functions as a factory that protiens received from ER are further processed and sorted for transport. found in plant and animal cells.
What is the role of Mitosis
a cell that duplicates all of its contents including its chromosomes and splits to form two identical daughter cells.
What is the surface of a cell
the surface of a cell is called a cell membrane and a cell membrane acts as a barrier to allow substances in and out like oxygen and waste.
if the cell is to large the substances would not be able to reach all parts of the cell due to large volume to surface area.
Organisation of levels of multicellular organisms(most complex to less)
system
organs
tissue
cell
organelle
What is mitochondria
mitochondria makes energy for the cell through a process known as cellular respiration. found in plant and animal cells
What is a Vacuole
a vacuole stores water, waste and nutrients. Usually a plant cell has a larger vacuole. A vacuole helps mantain their shape.
What is the difference and similarities between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic
a eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus and is multicellular has a cell membrane and other membrane bound organelles.
a prokaryotic cell doesnt contain a nucleus is unicellular and does not contain other membrane bound organelles.
they both contain ribosomes and a cell wall.
Nerve cells
A long thin fibre that quickly carry’s messages from one cell to another
Sperm cell
A long tail that helps it to swim towards the egg cell
Muscle cell
contains fibers that contract and relax
Skin cell
A flat cell that lines the outside surface of your body
Red Blood Cell
A very tiny cell that loses their nucleus when mature then more room is allowed to carry more oxygen throughout the body
Guard cell
kidney shaped cell that can change shape to either close or open a small hole between them which allows gas exchange between the plant and its environment.
Phloem cells
Sieve like cells that form tubes that carry food made in leaves to other parts of the plant
Xylem cell
thick walled cells that carry water up the plant to the leaves
Root Hair cells
cells with small hair that can increase their surface area so they can absorb more water
Leaf cell
function is to photosynthesis so is packed with chloroplast
Epidermal cell
found on the outside of the plant to protect cells underneath and is a flat cell and transparent to allow light in.
cellular respiration
A chemical process that converts glucose and oxygen to energy, water and carbon dioxide. all living things carry out this process.
Electron microscope
was built in 1931 by Ernest ruska and max knoll
some disadvantages were the vacuum and the heat
TEM- transmission electron microscope shows the internal structure of cells
SEM- scanning electron microscope shows images of surface features.
Difference and similarities between fungal cells and plant cells
They both contain a nucleus and both eukaryotic. however plant cells have chloroplast. and plant cells have a cell wall made out of cellulose and fungal cells have one made out of chitin.
