Science - Cells Unit - Ch.1

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

Basic structural unit of an organism and the building block of life; all living things are made cells.

Question 2

Cell membrane

Answer 2

Thin covering that holds the cytoplasm and organelles inside a cell and controls the passage of materials in or out of the cell.

Question 3

Cell wall *only plant cells have this

Answer 3

Rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane of plant cells; provides strength and support for a plant cell.

Question 4

Cellular transport *what processes does it involve?

Answer 4

Movement of substances into and out of a cell; involves several different processes, such as diffusion and osmosis.

Question 5

Chloroplasts

Answer 5

Membrane-bound organelle of a plant cell that contains a green substance (pigment) called chlorophyll; chlorophyll uses the sun’s energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen in a process called photosynthesis.

Question 6

Cytoplasm *what does it contain that the cells need to survive?

Answer 6

Jelly-like material that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles; contains nutrients the cell needs to survive.

Question 7

Diffusion

Answer 7

Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 8

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 8

Folded organelle in a cell that makes proteins.

Question 9

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 9

Folded organelle that combines proteins made by the endoplasmic reticulum and delivers them to the rest of the cell and outside the cell.

Question 10

Impermeable

Answer 10

That cannot be passed through (ex. by air or water)

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

Organelle that breaks down food and digests waste.

Question 12

Membrane

Answer 12

Thin structure that separates an interior environment from its exterior surroundings (e.g., cell membrane); organelle membranes keep different parts of the cell separate from one another.

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

Membrane-bone organelles that break down food particles and release their stored energy into a form that the cell can use to fuel all of its activities; powerhouses of the cell

Question 14

Nucleus

*give 3 examples of activities

Answer 14

Large organelle that controls all the activities in a cell, such as growth, repair, and reproduction.

Question 15

Organelles

Answer 15

Small structure (part) inside a cell that performs a specific function to meet the cell’s basic needs to survive and reproduce.

Question 16

Osmosis

Answer 16

Special kind of diffusion in which a fluid (usually water) moves through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 17

Permeable

Answer 17

That can be easily permeated or penetrated (ex. by air or water)

Question 18

Ribosomes

Answer 18

Tiny organelle in the cell’s cytoplasm that helps make proteins.

Question 19

Vacuoles

Answer 19

Large, membrane-bound, sac-like organelle that stores excess food, waste, and other substances required by the cell.

Question 20

What are the key ideas of cell theory?

Answer 20

1. The cell is the basic unit of life. Even though cells are the smallest living thing, cells show all the characteristics of living things.
2. An organism can be as simple as one cell (unicellular), like a paramecium, or it can be made up of trillions of cells (multicellular), like an elephant.
3. All cells are created from existing cells through a process
   called cell division by which a cell divides into two new cells.