Science Ch. 4

Question 1

Geologists observe rock minerals by

Answer 1

color and texture

Question 2

granite has ___sillica

Answer 2

high

Question 3

Basalt has ___ silica

Answer 3

low

Question 4

extrusive rocks:

Answer 4

rocks made underground in trapped magma

Question 5

intrusive rocks:

Answer 5

rocks made from lava (above ground)

Question 6

metamorphic:

Answer 6

when a rock is changed by heat/pressure/chemical reaction

Question 7

sedimentary:

Answer 7

when bits of eroded rock, minerals, grains, and fossils are pressed.

Question 8

Igneous rocks form when ____ cools

Answer 8

magma/lava

Question 9

Granite forms many…

Answer 9

mountain ranges

Question 10

____ has larger crystals than extrusive rocks

Answer 10

Granite

Question 11

extrusive rocks have a _______ _____ __ _____ _______ (ex: basalt)

Answer 11

fine-grained or glassy texture

Question 12

Silica is made from:

Answer 12

silicon and oxygen

Question 13

lava has ___ silica level

Answer 13

low

Question 14

magma has ____ silica level

Answer 14

high

Question 15

Granite is used for ______ _______

Answer 15

building material

Question 16

Sediment includes:

Answer 16

shells, bones, leaves, and stems

Question 17

Erosion:

Answer 17

running water, wind, or ice loosen or carry away fragments of rock

Question 18

Deposition:

Answer 18

is the process by which sediment settles out of water

Question 19

Compaction:

Answer 19

the process of sediment pressing together

Question 20

Cementation:

Answer 20

is when dissolved materials crystallize and glue together

Question 21

Sedimentary rocks go through the process:

Answer 21

Erosion-Deposition-Compaction-Cementation

Question 22

Clastic rocks:

Answer 22

they form when rock fragments are squeezed together. They range from microscopic particles to large boulders ex) sandstone, breccia, conglomerate

Question 23

Chemical Rocks:

Answer 23

they form when minerals dissolve in a solution and crystallize
ex) limestone, halite

Question 24

Organic rocks:

Answer 24

they form when the remains of plants and animals are deposited in layers (“organic” refers to things that were once part of living things) ex) coal, limestone

Question 25

3 types of sedimentary rocks:

Answer 25

clastic, organic, chemical

Question 26

Coral reef:

Answer 26

Tiny jellyfish-relative animals whose skeletons build up to form a coral reef