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science chapter 3-4 > Science chapter 3-4 > Flashcards

Science chapter 3-4 Flashcards

1
Q

interphase

A
  • period during which the cell cycle of a cell’s growth and development
  • cell spends most its life in interphase
  • rapid growth and replication
  • copy of DNA
  • followed by mitotic stage
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2
Q

Interphase

A

. During the cell cycle of a cells growth and development
•cell spends most of its life in interphase
•rapid growth in replication, copy of DNA, preparation for cell division
•followed by mitotic phase

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3
Q

Centromere

A

Sister chromatids are held together by this

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4
Q

Metaphase

A
  • Spindle fibers begin to push and pull the duplicated chromosomes in the middle of the cell
  • shortest phase of mitosis
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5
Q

Telophase

A 
Spindle fibers begin to disappear 
•chromosomes begin to uncoil
•nuclear membrane forms around each chromosome 
•final stage of mitosis 
•reverse of prophase
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6
Q

Cell plate

A

Cell wall that forms in the middle of a plant cell

•grows outward toward the cell wall until two new cells form

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7
Q

Cell differentiation

A

The process by which cells become different types of cells

•can become nerve cell, red blood cell, bone cell, or muscle cell

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8
Q

Meristems

A

In a different area of a plan including tips of roots and stems

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9
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of similar types of cells that work together to carry out specific tasks
• four types and animal: muscle, connective, nervous, epithelial
•three types in plant: dermal, vascular, ground

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10
Q

Organs

A

Groups of different tissues working together to perform a particular job
•example: stomach

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11
Q

Organ systems

A

Groups of different organs that work together to complete a series of tasks
•can be made of many organs
•plants: two major organ systems •shoot systems and root systems •shoot: includes leaves, stems, and flowers
• root: anchors the plant and takes in water and nutrients

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12
Q

Organisms

A

Multicellular: usually have many organ systems

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13
Q

4 types of tissue in most animals

A
  • Muscle: causes movement
  • connective: provided structure and support and often connects other types of tissue together
  • nervous: carries messages to and from the brain
  • epithelial: forms protective outer layer of the skin and the lining a major organisms and internal body cavities
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14
Q

3 types of tissues in plants

A

Dermal: provides protection and helps reduce water loss
•vascular: transport water and nutrients from one part to another
•ground: provide storage and support and is where photosynthesis takes place

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15
Q

Diploid cell

A

Cells that have pairs of chromosomes
•have pairs of chromosomes
•23 pairs
•46 chromosomes total

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16
Q

Haploid cell

A

Cells that have only one chromosome from each pair

17
Q

Budding

A

New organism grows by mitosis and cell division on the body of its parent •genetically identical offspring

18
Q

Regeneration

A

Occurs when an offspring grows from a piece of its parent

•varies greatly among animals •damaged or lost body parts

19
Q

Number of cells generated from mitosis and meiosis

A
  • Mitosis: diploid cells 2

* meiosis: haploid cells 4

20
Q

Purpose of meiosis

A

To produce haploid cells

21
Q

Number of times the cell divides in mitosis and meiosis

A

Mitosis: 1
Meiosis: 2

22
Q

Fission

A

Cell division in prokaryotes that form two genetically identical cells
•begins when prokaryotes DNA is copied

23
Q

Animal regeneration

A

Occurs when an offspring grows from a piece of its parent

24
Q

Stem cells

A

An unspecialized cell that is able to develop into many different cell types

25
Q

Reproduction can be …

A

Sexual and asexual

26
Q

Sexual:

A

Offspring result through fertilization which is the joining of the egg and sperm

27
Q

Asexual

A

Which includes fission, budding, regeneration, cloning, vegetative regeneration, mitotic cell division

28
Q

Cell cycle

A

1st phase: interphase
2nd phase: mitotic

Mitotic 1st: mitosis
Mitotic 2nd: cytokinesis

Leads to cell differentiation. Cells work together to form daughter cells. Other levels of organization include organisms, organ, and organ system

science chapter 3-4 (1 decks)

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