Science Ecology & Graphs

Question 1

What are ecologists?

Answer 1

People who study ecology

Question 2

What is ecology?

Answer 2

Study of living things, & their interactions and their environment.

Question 3

Describe what makes something a living thing

Answer 3

MRS GREN:

• Movement
• Reproduction
• Sensitivity
• Growth
• Respiration
• Excretion
• Nutrition

Question 4

What is a Species?

Answer 4

A group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring

Question 5

What is a population?

Answer 5

Same species living in the same geographical area

Question 6

What is a community?

Answer 6

Populations found in a habitat

Question 7

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 7

Is the living and non-living factors of an area and how they interact with each other.

• They can be natural, such as the ocean.
• Or man-made: eg a vegetable garden is an ecosystem!

Question 8

What is a biotic factor

Answer 8

All living organisms in an ecosystem
eg tree, mouse

Question 9

What is an abiotic factor

Answer 9

All non living organisms in an ecosystem
eg rain, temperature

Question 10

Where does all energy in the ecosystem come from?

Answer 10

The sun

Question 11

Describe how plants capture light energy

Answer 11

Using photosynthesis they convert CO2, water sunlight into glucose

Question 12

What is a food chain?

Answer 12

• Shows how energy is transferred from one organism to another.
• Starting with plants

Question 13

In food chain what is a producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer and tertiary consumer

Answer 13

• A producer is an organism that produces its own food through photosynthesis eg plant
• A primary consumer eats producers
• A secondary consumer eats primary consumers
• A tertiary consumer eats secondary consumers.

Question 14

What is a trophic level in food chain?

Answer 14

The levels of the food chain

Question 15

What is symbiosis?

Answer 15

• The relationship between two species.
• In symbiotic relationships, at least one of the species involved benefits from the relationship.

Question 16

Mutualism

Answer 16

Is where both species benefit

Question 17

Paratism

Answer 17

Where one harmed and the other benefits

Question 18

How have humans impacted habitat destruction

Answer 18

• Clearing land for agriculture
• Housing development
• Pollution and mining,
• These destroys the ecosystem of many plants and animals which alters the food web by changing species present

Question 19

What is Pollution?

Answer 19

• Pollution is when harmful substances get into the environment (air, water, or soil)
• It causes damage to living things and ecosystems.

Question 20

Describe Biodegradable and Non Biodegradable pollutants

Answer 20

• Biodegradable - substances that can be broken down by living organisms into harmless substances over time - like food waste.
• Non-biodegradable - substances that do not break down causing harm eg plastic.

Question 21

What is Eutrophication

Answer 21

• Eutrophication is when too many nutrients, like nitrogen and phosphorus, enter water, usually from fertilizers or sewage.
• This causes excessive growth of algae and plants, which cuts oxygen levels in the water, leading to death of aquatic life.

Question 22

What is conservation

Answer 22

• It is the looking after the worlds biodiversity
• This reducing the number of species becoming extinct

Question 23

What is biodiversity

Answer 23

Biodiversity refers to the variety and number of living organisms populations in ecosystem including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms

Question 24

What is biodiversity affected by

Answer 24

Climate Change
Habitat destruction
Over harvesting
Pollution

Question 25

Why is carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increasing?

Answer 25

Burning fossil fuels Large scale forestry

Question 26

What is the effect of increasing carbon dioxide?

Answer 26

Global Warming Respiratory disease

Question 27

What happens when a primary consumer (rabbit) is eliminated from an ecosystem?

Answer 27

* When a primary consumer is eliminated it disrupts the food chain * Eg if rabbits (primary consumers) die, grass will increase because there are no rabbits eating it. * The animals that eat rabbits will have less food, which could see thier population decrease. * It has a chain reaction that can affect many different animals

Question 28

How do the phyiscal properties of elements differ?

Answer 28

Boiling point, heat, electrical conductivity, solid, liquid, gas

Question 29

Why would you repeat an experiment three times?

Answer 29

To have more reliable results

Question 30

What is an independent variable?

Answer 30

Is something in an experiment that changes on purpose in an experiment to see what effect it has on dependent variable

Question 31

What is a dependent variable?

Answer 31

* It is what is being **measured or observed** in an experiment; * it changes dependent on the independent variable.

Question 32

What is a controlled variable?

Answer 32

* The variable that kept constant or unchanged * To ensure that any effects are due to the independent variable and not other factors.

Question 33

On a line graph where does the independent variable go?

Answer 33

Horizontal - X axis

Question 34

Always start numbeing axis from?

Answer 34

Zero

Question 35

What does the line graph need to have on it?

Answer 35

Title, best fit line, label axis, axes even steps, circle error points, graph should cover half of page

Question 36

In a line graph what order should the title be?

Answer 36

Vertical then Horizontal

Question 37

Where should change variable go on the graph?

Answer 37

Horizontal line

Question 38

What do primary consumers eat?

Answer 38

Plants - Herbivores

Question 39

What do secondary consumers eat

Answer 39

Animals - Carnivores