Science End of year exam 1

Question 1

What are the 7 main nutrients?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Water, Fibre.

Question 2

What is the role of enzymes in digestion?

Answer 2

They break down large food molecules into smaller ones for absorption.

Question 3

What does the Biuret test detect?

Answer 3

Proteins

Question 4

What causes obesity?

Answer 4

Overnutrition and excessive energy intake.

Question 5

What organ absorbs most nutrients?

Answer 5

Small intestine.

Question 6

What does amplitude of a sound wave determine?

Answer 6

Loudness.

Question 7

What does frequency of a sound wave determine?

Answer 7

Pitch.

Question 8

What is Ohm’s Law?

Answer 8

R = V ÷ I (Resistance = Voltage ÷ Current).

Question 9

What happens to current in a parallel circuit?

Answer 9

It splits across branches.

Question 10

Give an example of renewable energy.

Answer 10

Solar, wind, or hydro power.

Question 11

What type of bonding involves shared electrons?

Answer 11

Covalent bonding.

Question 12

What is an ion?

Answer 12

An atom that has gained or lost electrons.

Question 13

How is density calculated?

Answer 13

Density = Mass ÷ Volume.

Question 14

What happens if an object is less dense than water?

Answer 14

It floats.

Question 15

How do properties change down Group 1 (alkali metals)?

Answer 15

They become more reactive and softer.

Question 16

Word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 16

Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen.

Question 17

What factors affect rate of reaction?

Answer 17

Concentration, temperature, surface area.

Question 18

Name two minerals needed by plants.

Answer 18

Magnesium (for chlorophyll), Nitrates (for proteins).

Question 19

Name one method to purify salts.

Answer 19

Crystallization.

Question 20

What do kidneys remove from blood

Answer 20

Urea

Question 21

What are genes made of?

Answer 21

DNA

Question 22

What can harm fetal development?

Answer 22

Poor maternal health (e.g. smoking, drugs).

Question 23

What determines sex in humans?

Answer 23

XX = Female, XY = Male.

Question 24

What is fertilization?

Answer 24

The joining of sperm and egg to form a zygote.

Question 25

If an atom loses electrons it becomes what?

Answer 25

Positively charged which is called a cation

Question 26

If an atom gains an electron it becomes what?

Answer 26

negatively charged and which is called a Anion

Question 27

How much is considered a full outer shell

Answer 27

8

Question 28

Whats a cation

Answer 28

Formed when an atom loses electrons - becomes positively charge

Question 29

Whats a anion

Answer 29

Formed when an atom has gained electrons - Negatively Charged

Question 30

The charge of Ion is +2 what type of Ion is it?

Answer 30

Cation

Question 31

The charge of Ion is -3 what type of Ion is it?

Answer 31

Anion

Question 32

What is a series circuit?

Answer 32

A circuit where components are connected end-to-end in a single loop.

Question 32

How does current behave in a series circuit?

Answer 32

The current is the same at all points in the circuit.

Question 32

How does voltage behave in a series circuit?

Answer 32

The total voltage is shared between the components.

Question 33

What happens to the brightness of bulbs in a series circuit?

Answer 33

They are dimmer because the voltage is divided.

Question 34

What happens if one component breaks in a series circuit?

Answer 34

The whole circuit stops working.

Question 35

What is a parallel circuit?

Answer 35

A circuit where components are connected on separate branches.

Question 36

How does current behave in a parallel circuit?

Answer 36

The total current splits between the branches.

Question 37

How does voltage behave in a parallel circuit?

Answer 37

Each branch gets the full voltage from the power source.

Question 38

What happens to the brightness of bulbs in a parallel circuit?

Answer 38

They are brighter, and stay the same brightness even if more bulbs are added.

Question 39

What happens if one component breaks in a parallel circuit?

Answer 39

The other branches keep working.

Question 40

How many electrons can the first, second, and third shells hold?

Answer 40

1st: 2, 2nd: 8, 3rd: 8 (for main group elements).

Question 41

What charge does a Group 2 element form?

Answer 41

+2 (loses 2 electrons to form M²⁺).

Question 42

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 42

An electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 43

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 43

A bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons.

Question 44

What is the formula of ammonium?

Answer 44

NH₄⁺

Question 45

What is the formula for density?

Answer 45

Density = Mass ÷ Volume

Question 46

How do you find the volume of an irregular object?

Answer 46

Use a measuring cylinder and water displacement.

Question 47

Why do some objects float and others sink?

Answer 47

Objects less dense than water float; denser ones sink.

Question 48

What process separates a soluble solid from a liquid?

Answer 48

Evaporation or crystallisation.

Question 49

What process separates an insoluble solid from a liquid?

Answer 49

Filtration.

Question 50

What is a displacement reaction?

Answer 50

When a more reactive metal replaces a less reactive metal in a compound.

Question 51

Name two reactive metals and two less reactive ones.

Answer 51

Reactive: Potassium, Magnesium. Less reactive: Copper, Gold.

Question 52

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 52

Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

Question 53

What does magnesium do in plants?

Answer 53

Helps produce chlorophyll.

Question 54

What is the function of xylem?

Answer 54

Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves.

Question 55

What is transpiration?

Answer 55

Water loss through leaves.

Question 56

What is diffusion?

Answer 56

Movement of particles from high to low concentration.

Question 57

What is osmosis?

Answer 57

Diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane.

Question 58

What is excretion?

Answer 58

Removal of metabolic waste from the body.

Question 59

What do the kidneys remove?

Answer 59

Urea, excess water, and salts.

Question 60

What determines the sex of a baby?

Answer 60

XX = female, XY = male.

Question 61

What are gametes?

Answer 61

Reproductive cells – sperm and egg.

Question 62

What is variation?

Answer 62

Differences between individuals in a population.

Question 63

What is survival of the fittest?

Answer 63

Individuals with the best traits survive and pass them on.

Question 64

What affects fetal development?

Answer 64

Diet, smoking, alcohol, and drugs during pregnancy.

Question 65

Formula for voltage?

Answer 65

V = I x R

Question 66

Formula for current

Answer 66

I = V + R

Question 67

What happens when an acid reacts with a base

Answer 67

The type of chemical reaction that occurs when an acid reacts with a base is called a neutralisation reaction.