Science Exam 12/21 Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
Second step in producing a sedimentary rock, dissolved particles are moved and then settled
A
Transportation and deposition
2
Q
First step in producing a sedimentary rock, process of particles being dissolved in water
A
Erosion and weathering
3
Q
Sedimentary rocks formed from the precipitation of sea water
A
Chemical sedimentary rocks
4
Q
A series of processes on the surface and inside the Earth that slowly change rocks from one kind to another
A
Rock cycle
5
Q
A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, and hydrothermal fluid
A
Metamorphic rock
6
Q
Third step that forms sedimentary rock
A
Compaction and cementation
7
Q
A metamorphic rock that gives the rock a layered appearance
Example: gneiss, slate, and schist
A
Foliated metamorphic rock
8
Q
Do not have layers and do not break easily
Example: quartzite and marble
A
Nonfoliated metamorphic rock
9
Q
Sedimentary
A. Limestone
B. Gneiss
C. Granite
D. Schist
A
A. Limestone
10
Q
Igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath the Earth’s surface
A
Intrusive
11
Q
Metamorphism associated with large scale mountain-building processes
A
Regional metamorphism
12
Q
The look and feel of a rock’s surface
A
Texture
13
Q
Sedimentary rocks formed from the precipitation of seawater
A. Foliated rocks
B. Clastic rocks
C. Intrusive rocks
D. Non-clastic rocks
A
D. Non-clastic rocks
14
Q
Igneous
A. Limestone
B. Sandstone
C. Granite
D. Chalk
A
C. Granite
15
Q
Sedimentary rock that is made up of broken pieces of minerals, pebble, gravel, and rock fragments
A
Clastic
16
Q
The color of a mineral’s powder
A
Streak
17
Q
The way a mineral reflects light from its surface
A
Luster
18
Q
The way a mineral breaks into sheets
A
Cleavage
19
Q
The way a mineral breaks into uneven surfaces
A
Fracture
20
Q
What the Mohs Scale measures
A
Hardness
21
Q
The comparison of a mineral’s density to water’s density
A
Specific gravity
22
Q
T/F
The softest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale is talc
A
T
23
Q
T/F
A solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence is called a mineral
A
T
24
Q
T/F
Minerals made of atoms of just one element are called Native Minerals
A
T
25
# T/F
Aluminum is a very important metal to modern society
T
26
# T/F
Most of the minerals we find today probably formed after the Flood
T
27
# T/F
Taste is an important way to classify minerals
F
28
# T/F
The Mohs Hardness scale measures how hard a mineral is
T
29
Part of the silicate family
Feldspar
30
Made up of a chemical compound
Compound mineral
31
A person who analyzes minerals
Mineralogist
32
Minerals that are concentrated by wind and water
Placer deposits
33
A mineral's ability to split along a flat surface
Cleavage
34
The best metallic conductor of electricity
Silver
35
Resists corrosion naturally
Copper
36
Minerals containing oxygen and a metal
Oxides
37
Mineral used in the formation of plaster of Paris
Gypsum
38
Unit of weight for precious stones
Carat
39
Made of pure carbon
Diamond
40
The first motion of an earthquake inside the earth
Focus
41
A break in the earth's crust
Fault
42
Where earthquakes occur
Tectonic plate boundaries
43
Boundary where plates pull apart
Divergent
44
Boundary where plates collide
Convergent
45
Where transform boundaries are common
Strike-slip faults
46
Effects of earthquakes
Tsunamis, buildings collapse, and fires
47
Types of seismic waves
Body waves and surface waves
48
Types of body waves
S waves and P waves
49
Tracing of earthquake motion
Seismograph
50
Amount of seismometer stations needed to triangulate an earthquake's epicenter
3
51
Two ways to measure magnitude
Richter scale and Mercalli scale
52
Man who proposed the theory of continental drift
Alfred Wegener
53
What happens as the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale intensity goes up
Amount and severity of damage increases
54
What the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale is based on
Reports of feelings sensed and damage observed to everyday objects
55
Causes the up-and-down wiggles in a seismogram
Ground vibration
56
Boundary where plates slide next to each other
Transform
57
Where are convergent boundaries common
Reverse faults
58
Where are divergent boundaries common
Normal faults
59
# T/F
Earthquakes often occur along faults
T
60
# T/F
Earthquakes produce two main kinds of seismic waves
T
61
# T/F
More than one kind of scale can be used to measure magnitude
T
62
# T/F
Older buildings tend to withstand earthquakes better than new buildings
T
63
# T/F
The Richter Scale is based on how an earthquake feels and the amount of damage it causes
F
64
The solid outside layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle
Lithosphere
65
The use of multiple seismic stations to pinpoint the epicenter of an earthquake
Triangulation
66
The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats
Asthenosphere
67
The process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma rises
Sea floor spreading
68
A continuous mountainous ridge on the floor of all major ocean basins, varied width
Oceanic ridge
69
A supercontinent
Pangea
70
A weak spot in the middle of a tectonic plate where magma surfaces and forms a volcano
Hotspot
71
A numerical scale that represents the magnitude of an earthquake
Richter Scale
72
Discovered sea floor spreading
Harry Hess
73
A major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean
Ring of Fire
74
Rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause
Mercalli Scale
75
Catastrophic event that led to continental split
World Wide Flood
76
3 ways tectonic plates move
Pressure, gravity, and convection
77
Where plates sink down into the Asthenosphere
Subduction zone
78
The only transform fault in the world
San Andreas Fault
79
The area directly above an earthquakes focus
Epicenter
80
The theory that Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into sections
Plate tectonics
81
What plates are composed of
Crust and upper mantle
82
The layer that the plates float on
Asthenosphere
83
Which way the denser oceanic plate goes when it collides with a continental plate
It sinks
84
What forms when a subducted plate melts
Magma and volcanic mountains
85
Main sources of magma
Hotspots, subduction at convergent plates, and sea floor spreading at divergent plates
86
What volcanic bombs are a type of
Pyroclastic material
87
How volcanoes affect climate
Blocking sunlight
88
Where volcanoes form
Plate boundaries
89
Volcanic hazards
Mud flows, lava flow, and noxious gases
90
The 3 types of volcanoes
Cinder cone, composite, and shield
91
Sources of what form volcanoes
Magma
92
Lava is what that flows onto earth's surface
Magma
93
Lava can be
A. Thick
B. Thin
C. Either
C. Either
94
Pyroclastic flows are extremely what
Dangerous
95
Where 75% of earth's active volcanoes are located
The RIng of Fire
96
Volcanic gases
Sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide
97
# T/F
Flowing lava is the most dangerous hazard from a volcano
F
98
# T/F
Most volcanoes are located on the Ring of Fire
T
99
# T/F
Lava that is highly dense flows really fast
F
100
# T/F
Noxious gases are not deadly
F
101
Area filled with magma located underneath a volcano
Magma chamber
102
Openings on a volcano where volcanic material exits
Vent
103
A boundary in which two different air masses meet and do not mix, causing a change in weather
Weather front
104
The weight of air pushing down on us
Air pressure
105
Winds that are always blowing, they blow long distances and in specific patterns
Global winds
106
A high level cloud made of ice crystals
Cirrus
107
The Sun strikes the Earth the most at the Equator and the least at the poles so warm air ______ at the equator and cold air ______ at the poles
Rises, sinks
108
The composition of the atmosphere
A. 78% oxygen, 21% carbon dioxide, 1% nitrogen
B. 78% carbon dioxide, 21% nitrogen, 1% other
C. 78% ozone, 21% nitrogen, 1% other
D. 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% carbon dioxide and other
D. 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% carbon dioxide and other
109
The layer of gases that surrounds the Earth
The Atmosphere
110
The effect in which the Atmosphere traps the Sun's UV rays to keep the Earth warm
The Greenhouse Effect
111
Where tornadoes and hurricanes develop
Low pressure areas
112
Tall, dense clouds that fill the sky during thunderstorms, bringing hail, lightning, and heavy rain
Cumulonimbus
113
The transformation of liquid into gaseous water vaper
Evaporation
114
When water in the air forms clouds
Condensation
115
Convection currents, resulting from uneven heating of the Earth's surface causes what
Wind
116
When a cold air mass meets and replaces a warm air mass
Cold front
117
The direction most weather systems generally move across the United States
From west to east
118
Causes of air polution
Plant and animal emissions, natural events, and human activities
119
When water is returning to Earth from the Atmosphere
Precipitation
120
The layer in the Atmosphere where weather takes place
Troposphere
121
When wind appears to curve because convection cells are in a set place on the Atmosphere and the Earth is spinning on its axis
The Coriolis Effect
122
What occurs when a high power windstorm over the ocean starts to rotate with rain around a center of low pressure and the wind reaches 74 mph
A hurricane
123
The continuous movement of water on, above, and below Earth's surface
Water cycle
124
Thunderstorm can produce several inches of rainfall within a short time, what is a result of this heavy rainfall
Flooding
125
A large section of air with the same temperature and moisture
An air mass
126
The order of the Atmosphere from closest to farthest
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere
127
Main difference between hurricanes and tornadoes
Tornadoes can form over land but hurricanes can only form over the ocean
128
What happens to warm water vapor in the sky as it cools
It condenses and then forms a cloud
