Science Exam Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is respiration?
When cells obtain energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen.
Respiration is essential for cellular energy production.
Are breathing and respiration the same thing? Explain your answer.
No, breathing is the physical part of respiration.
Breathing refers to the mechanical process of inhaling and exhaling air.
What happens in the first stage of respiration and where does it take place?
Glucose is broken down into small molecules in the cytoplasm.
This stage is known as glycolysis.
What happens in the second stage of respiration and where does it take place?
The small molecules react with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide.
This stage occurs in the mitochondria.
Explain, in words, the formula for cellular respiration.
Glucose and oxygen react to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
This is the overall process of aerobic respiration.
Write out the formula for respiration and label the products and reactants.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 is glucose, 6O2 is oxygen, 6CO2 is carbon dioxide, and 6H2O is water.
How are photosynthesis and respiration involved in a cycle?
Because glucose and oxygen are reactants for respiration.
Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are used in respiration.
What is fermentation?
Cells releasing energy without oxygen.
Fermentation occurs in anaerobic conditions.
Does respiration or fermentation release more energy?
Respiration releases more energy.
Aerobic respiration is more efficient than fermentation.
Explain the 2 types of fermentation.
Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.
Alcoholic fermentation is used by yeast, while lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells.
What is the function of sepals in a flower?
Protect the flower
Sepals are typically green and enclose the petals before the flower opens.
What role do petals play in a flower?
Attracts pollinators
Petals are often brightly colored to draw in insects and other animals that help in pollination.
What is the male reproductive part of a flower called?
Stamen
The stamen consists of the anther and filament.
What does the anther do?
Produces and releases pollen
Pollen is essential for fertilization in flowering plants.
What is the function of the filament in a flower?
Supports the anther
The filament elevates the anther to an optimal position for pollination.
What is the female reproductive part of a flower called?
Pistil
The pistil is made up of the stigma, style, and ovary.
What is the function of the stigma?
Receives pollen
The stigma is often sticky to better capture pollen grains.
What connects the stigma to the ovary in a flower?
Style
The style is a slender tube that allows pollen to travel to the ovary.
What does the ovary contain?
Ovules
Ovules develop into seeds once fertilized.
What is contained within an ovule?
Embryo sac
The embryo sac houses the female gametes.
What is the function of the peduncle?
Supports the flower
The peduncle is the stalk that holds the flower and connects it to the plant.
What is the receptacle in a flower?
The thickened part of the stem that bears the flower
The receptacle is where all the flower parts are attached.
What is pollination?
The transfer of pollen from anther to stigma
Pollination is a crucial step in the fertilization process of flowering plants.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the part of the flower that attracts pollinators.
Petal
Petals often vary in color and shape to appeal to specific pollinators.
