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Science year 9 > Science exam 2 > Flashcards

Science exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Energy is?

A

the ability to do work

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2
Q

Energy is measure in?

A

joules

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3
Q

8 types of energy

A

electrical, mechanical, sound, heat, kinetic, potential, chemical, light

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4
Q

photosynthesis equation

A

6CO2 + 6H2O > C6H12O6 + 6O2

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5
Q

where does photosynthesis occur

A

photosythesis occurs in the chloroplast organelle inside a plant cell, each chloroplast cell contains the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll

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6
Q

things that influence photosynthesis

A

Light intensity, too much to too little and phtosynthesis will not occur
wave length or colour, red is the best, green is the worst

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7
Q

energy transfers from sunlight hitting a plant to us eating an animal

A

sunlight hits a plant, plant photosynthesises, animal eats the plant, human eat the animal
light energy > chemical energy > heat+kinetic+stored chemical energy > heat+kinetic+stored chemical energy

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8
Q

what type of energy is in action as a car rolls down a hill

A

Kinetic energy

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9
Q

what is potential energy

A

Energy that is stored until a raection takes place

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10
Q

what type of energy is stored in a battery

A

chemical energy

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11
Q

what is peak oil

A

peak oil is the peak in world oil production/removal of natural reserves

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12
Q

why is peak oil a risk for our future

A

oil price go up
oil reserves go down and become harder to access
we will run out of oil
oil is used in nearly everything and we will need to find new ways of manufacturing products

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13
Q

what does CSIRO stand for

A

Commonwealth, Scientific, Industrial, Research, Oragnsiation

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14
Q

what has CSIRO invented

A

wifi, solar panels, polymer bank notes

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15
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

the trapping of radiated heat rays from earth by the earths atmosphere to keep a constant livable temperature. Natural process

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16
Q

Global warming

A

An increase in global temperatures due to an increase in greenhouse gases and trapping radiated energy

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17
Q

Enhanced greenhouse effect

A

an increase in greenhouse gases due to the burning of fossil fuels, meaning more energy is trapped in the atmosphere, heating the earth

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18
Q

Greenhouse gases

A

gases that trap the heat in the earths atmosphere

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19
Q

Climate change

A

changing in the earths climate which are permanent and cause extreme weather and increased temperatures

20
Q

Carbon sink

A

something that captures, absorbs and stores carbon, removing it from the atmosphere. such as a large tree plantation, ocean.

21
Q

4 greenhouse gases, their chemical symbol, and main source they came from

A

CO2, carbon dioxide, burning of fossil fuels
H2O, water vapour, evaporation of water
CFC’s, chloroflurocarbon, fridges, airconditioners
CH4, methane, landfills, cows, sheep, swamps
NO2, nitrogen dioxide, nitric acid

22
Q

Kinetic energy

A

energy due to motion or movement, moving car

23
Q

Chemical energy

A

energy that is hidden until a reaction takes place, fireworks, battery

24
Q

Light energy

A

energy that can be seen as light, burning a match

25
Q

Gravitational potential

A

stored energy because of it’s height above ground, ball held above head

26
Q

Thermal/heat energy

A

energy that comes from heat, a cup of hot tea

27
Q

Electrical energy

A

energy that can be transformed to make something happen. It comes from electrical current. Lightning, electrical coils in a stove

28
Q

4 ways carbon is stored

A

ocean, fossil fuels, forrests, living organisms

29
Q

what is sustainability

A

being sustainable by maintaining the same amount of resources and environmental health fot the next generation

30
Q

why do we need CO2 in the atmosphere

A

CO2 in the atmosphere acts like the earths blanket trapping heat from the suns rays, keeping the earths temperature constant and livable

31
Q

Hydrosphere

A

the water on and surrounding the surface of the earth, including lakes, oceans and water in the atmosphere

32
Q

Lithosphere

A

the solid portion of the earth, the crust and upper mantle

33
Q

Biosphere

A

the part of the earths crust, waters and atmosphere that can support life.

34
Q

Atmosphere

A

the gaseous envelope that surrounds the earth

35
Q

Troposphere

A

the lowest level of the atmosphere

36
Q

The earth’s temperature depends on

A

The temperature depends on the thickness/amoutn of gases in the atmopshere which controls how much heat is trapped from the sun

37
Q

similarities + differences between a greenhouse and the earths atmosphere

A
  • they both trap heat
  • the glass in greenhouse traps the heat
  • gases in the atmosphere traps the heat
  • they both filter sunlight
38
Q

connection between fossil fuels and global warming

A

the burning of fossil fuels releases more CO2 into the atmosphere which cause more heat to bne trapped, causing an increase in global temperatures

39
Q

how does clearing rainforest contribute to global warming

A
  • less plants phtosynthesising, more carbon in the atmosphere
  • the burning of forests release CO2 into the atmosphere
40
Q

how is carbon dioxide removed naturally from the atmosphere

A

plants photosynthesising, oceans

41
Q

why does ozone depletion result in higher levels of UV radiation

A

the ozone layer stops a lot of UV radiation reaching the earth, so with less ozone more UV radiation reaches the earth

42
Q

how do coal plants generate electricity

A

The burning of coal, heats water into steam which then turn turbines connected to a generator that generates electricity

43
Q

what does renewable energy mean

A

energy that comes from natural resources such as the sun or wind, that will never run out or is naturally replenished

44
Q

explain which source of energy production we should use and why

A

solar electricity;

  • australia is very sunny
  • can run on just daylight
  • each house could be fitted with solar panels
  • energy would then not need to be transported
  • new technology being developed to make it cheaper and easier to make the panels
45
Q

main differences between plant and animal cells

A
  • plant cells have a cell wall
  • plant cells has a large vacuole
  • plant cells contain chloroplast and chlorophyll

Science year 9 (1 decks)

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