Science exam 2

Question 1

Energy is?

Answer 1

the ability to do work

Question 2

Energy is measure in?

Answer 2

joules

Question 3

8 types of energy

Answer 3

electrical, mechanical, sound, heat, kinetic, potential, chemical, light

Question 4

photosynthesis equation

Answer 4

6CO2 + 6H2O > C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 5

where does photosynthesis occur

Answer 5

photosythesis occurs in the chloroplast organelle inside a plant cell, each chloroplast cell contains the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll

Question 6

things that influence photosynthesis

Answer 6

Light intensity, too much to too little and phtosynthesis will not occur
wave length or colour, red is the best, green is the worst

Question 7

energy transfers from sunlight hitting a plant to us eating an animal

Answer 7

sunlight hits a plant, plant photosynthesises, animal eats the plant, human eat the animal
light energy > chemical energy > heat+kinetic+stored chemical energy > heat+kinetic+stored chemical energy

Question 8

what type of energy is in action as a car rolls down a hill

Answer 8

Kinetic energy

Question 9

what is potential energy

Answer 9

Energy that is stored until a raection takes place

Question 10

what type of energy is stored in a battery

Answer 10

chemical energy

Question 11

what is peak oil

Answer 11

peak oil is the peak in world oil production/removal of natural reserves

Question 12

why is peak oil a risk for our future

Answer 12

oil price go up
oil reserves go down and become harder to access
we will run out of oil
oil is used in nearly everything and we will need to find new ways of manufacturing products

Question 13

what does CSIRO stand for

Answer 13

Commonwealth, Scientific, Industrial, Research, Oragnsiation

Question 14

what has CSIRO invented

Answer 14

wifi, solar panels, polymer bank notes

Question 15

Greenhouse effect

Answer 15

the trapping of radiated heat rays from earth by the earths atmosphere to keep a constant livable temperature. Natural process

Question 16

Global warming

Answer 16

An increase in global temperatures due to an increase in greenhouse gases and trapping radiated energy

Question 17

Enhanced greenhouse effect

Answer 17

an increase in greenhouse gases due to the burning of fossil fuels, meaning more energy is trapped in the atmosphere, heating the earth

Question 18

Greenhouse gases

Answer 18

gases that trap the heat in the earths atmosphere

Question 19

Climate change

Answer 19

changing in the earths climate which are permanent and cause extreme weather and increased temperatures

Question 20

Carbon sink

Answer 20

something that captures, absorbs and stores carbon, removing it from the atmosphere. such as a large tree plantation, ocean.

Question 21

4 greenhouse gases, their chemical symbol, and main source they came from

Answer 21

CO2, carbon dioxide, burning of fossil fuels
H2O, water vapour, evaporation of water
CFC’s, chloroflurocarbon, fridges, airconditioners
CH4, methane, landfills, cows, sheep, swamps
NO2, nitrogen dioxide, nitric acid

Question 22

Kinetic energy

Answer 22

energy due to motion or movement, moving car

Question 23

Chemical energy

Answer 23

energy that is hidden until a reaction takes place, fireworks, battery

Question 24

Light energy

Answer 24

energy that can be seen as light, burning a match

Question 25

Gravitational potential

Answer 25

stored energy because of it's height above ground, ball held above head

Question 26

Thermal/heat energy

Answer 26

energy that comes from heat, a cup of hot tea

Question 27

Electrical energy

Answer 27

energy that can be transformed to make something happen. It comes from electrical current. Lightning, electrical coils in a stove

Question 28

4 ways carbon is stored

Answer 28

ocean, fossil fuels, forrests, living organisms

Question 29

what is sustainability

Answer 29

being sustainable by maintaining the same amount of resources and environmental health fot the next generation

Question 30

why do we need CO2 in the atmosphere

Answer 30

CO2 in the atmosphere acts like the earths blanket trapping heat from the suns rays, keeping the earths temperature constant and livable

Question 31

Hydrosphere

Answer 31

the water on and surrounding the surface of the earth, including lakes, oceans and water in the atmosphere

Question 32

Lithosphere

Answer 32

the solid portion of the earth, the crust and upper mantle

Question 33

Biosphere

Answer 33

the part of the earths crust, waters and atmosphere that can support life.

Question 34

Atmosphere

Answer 34

the gaseous envelope that surrounds the earth

Question 35

Troposphere

Answer 35

the lowest level of the atmosphere

Question 36

The earth's temperature depends on

Answer 36

The temperature depends on the thickness/amoutn of gases in the atmopshere which controls how much heat is trapped from the sun

Question 37

similarities + differences between a greenhouse and the earths atmosphere

Answer 37

- they both trap heat - the glass in greenhouse traps the heat - gases in the atmosphere traps the heat - they both filter sunlight

Question 38

connection between fossil fuels and global warming

Answer 38

the burning of fossil fuels releases more CO2 into the atmosphere which cause more heat to bne trapped, causing an increase in global temperatures

Question 39

how does clearing rainforest contribute to global warming

Answer 39

- less plants phtosynthesising, more carbon in the atmosphere - the burning of forests release CO2 into the atmosphere

Question 40

how is carbon dioxide removed naturally from the atmosphere

Answer 40

plants photosynthesising, oceans

Question 41

why does ozone depletion result in higher levels of UV radiation

Answer 41

the ozone layer stops a lot of UV radiation reaching the earth, so with less ozone more UV radiation reaches the earth

Question 42

how do coal plants generate electricity

Answer 42

The burning of coal, heats water into steam which then turn turbines connected to a generator that generates electricity

Question 43

what does renewable energy mean

Answer 43

energy that comes from natural resources such as the sun or wind, that will never run out or is naturally replenished

Question 44

explain which source of energy production we should use and why

Answer 44

solar electricity; - australia is very sunny - can run on just daylight - each house could be fitted with solar panels - energy would then not need to be transported - new technology being developed to make it cheaper and easier to make the panels

Question 45

main differences between plant and animal cells

Answer 45

- plant cells have a cell wall - plant cells has a large vacuole - plant cells contain chloroplast and chlorophyll