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8th Grade > Science Final > Flashcards

Science Final Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

Position

A

Location of an object

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2
Q

reference point

A

A location to which you compare other locations

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3
Q

Motion

A

A change in position over time

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4
Q

What is the standard unit of length

A

Meter

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5
Q

How many feet are in a meter?

A

3.3 feet

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6
Q

The measure of how far something moves in a given amount of time. How quickly or slowly an object moves.

A

Speed

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7
Q

How do you calculate the speed of an object that may not always be moving at a constant speed.

A

Average speed

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8
Q

How is average speed calculated?

A

S=distance(d)/ time(t)

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9
Q

When constant speed is graphed what is represented on the x axis?

A

Time

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10
Q

When constant speed is graphed, what is represented on the y-axis?

A

Distance

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11
Q

Vector

A

Quantity that has both size and direction

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12
Q

Velocity

A 
Speed in a specific direction
A vector (having both magnitude & direction)—if either of these changes then velocity would change
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13
Q

What information is needed to describe an objects location?

A

Position and reference point

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14
Q

What do you need to know to describe the velocity of an object?

A

Speed and direction

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15
Q

acceleration

A

Rate at which velocity changes

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16
Q

What does acceleration depend on?

A
  1. How much velocity changes

2. How much time the change takes

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17
Q

Describe how velocity and acceleration are related?

A

A small change in velocity can still be a large acceleration if the change happens quickly

A large change in volcano can be a small acceleration if it happens slowly

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18
Q

Average acceleration equation

A

(Final velocity - starting velocity)/ time

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19
Q

Centripetal acceleration

A

Acceleration in circular motion

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20
Q

Negative acceleration

A

Decrease in magnitude of velocity

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21
Q

Units for acceleration

A

m/s2

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22
Q

Increase in magnitude of velocity

A

Positive acceleration

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23
Q

What is the acceleration experienced by a car that takes 10s to reach 27 m/s from rest?

A

27-0/10=2.7m/s2

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24
Q

Force

A

A push or a pull

All forces have both a size and a direction

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25
Unit used to express force
Newton (N)
26
Net force
Combination of all the forces acting on an object
27
Explain how force can affect motion of an object
Unbalanced forces leads to motion of an object
28
Net force
Combination of all forces acting on an object
29
How do you calculate net force for objects moving in the same direction?
Add them together
30
How do you determine the net force of objects moving in opposite directions?
Debra the the smaller force from the larger force
31
Will balanced forces move an object?
No
32
What is Newton’s first law?
An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion at the same spee dan direction, unless it experiences an unbalanced force.
33
What is another name for Newton’s First Law?
Law of inertia
34
Inertia
The tendency of all objects to resist a change in motion. (And object will not start to move until a force makes it move)
35
Newton’s second law
The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied. (Objects that have different masses will have different accelerations if the same amount of force is used)
36
What is the equation that links force, mass and acceleration?
F=ma
37
Newton’s third law
Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.
38
A push or a pull
Force
39
Resistance of an object to a change in motion
Inertia
40
The unit that expresses force
Newton
41
The use of force to move an object some distance in the direction of the force
Work
42
How is work calculated?
W=Force x distance
43
The ability to do work; ability to apply force to cause movement in the direction of force
Energy
44
The rate at which work is done
Power
45
How is power calculated?
Power= energy/time
46
_____ transfers energy.
Work
47
The standard unit of measurement for work and energy
Joule
48
The joule is the standard unit of measurement for both _____ and _____.
Work and energy
49
The standard unit of measurement for power
Watt
50
Energy of motion
Kinetic energy
51
What determines the amount of kinetic energy that an object has?
The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has. Kinetic energy depends on speed and also mass.
52
If two objects have different masses but move at the same speed, which has more kinetic energy?
The one with the most mass.
53
How is kinetic energy of an object calculated?
Kinetic energy=1/2 mv(2-squared)
54
Potential energy
Energy an object has because of its position, condition, or chemical composition. Stored energy.
55
Give examples of potential energy
Elastic potential energy Gravitation potential energy Mechanical potential energy Chemical potential energy
56
How is gravitational potential energy calculated?
Gravitational potential energy=mgh
57
How is mechanical energy calculated?
Mechanical energy=KE+PE or ME=1/2mv2+mgh
58
Mechanical energy
Sum of kinetic and potential energies
59
Electric charge
Property that leads to electromagnetic interactions between the particles that make up matter.
60
All atoms have a dense center called __________
Nucleus
61
What types of particles does the nucleus contain?
Protons and neutrons
62
What type of charge does the proton have?
1+
63
What type of charge does the neutron have?
No charge
64
Where are electrons found?
Outside of the nucleus
65
What change does an atom have that has the same number of protons and electrons?
No charge
66
Any two charged objects exert a force on each other called __________.
Electric force
67
How do like objects react to each other?
The repel each other.
68
How does distance affect the size of the electric force?
The closer together the charged objects are, the greater the electric force is.
69
How can an object become charged?
by friction By induction By contact
70
Buildup of electric charge on an object, extra positive or negative charge that builds up on an object until it eventually moves elsewhere
Static electricity
71
Electric discharge
Charge that builds up as static electricity eventually leave the object, electric discharge is the loss of charges
72
A way of rearranging the charges within an object without touching it
Induction
73
Electric inductor
A material through which charges can move freely
74
Electrical insulator
Material through which charges cannot move easily
75
Semiconductors
Special class of materials that conduct electric charge better than electrical insulators but not as well as electrical conductors
76
Gravity
Force of attraction between objects due to their mass. Non-contact force that acts between two objects
77
How do you calculate gravity?
F=mg
78
True Or False Gravity affects mass equally
True
79
How does gravity depend on distance?
Gravitational force between two objects increases as the distance between their centers decrease
80
How does gravity depend on mass?
Gravitational force between two objects increases with the mass of each object
81
When is something at free fall?
When gravity is pulling it down and no other forces are acting on it.
82
When is an object in orbit?
When it travels around another object in space.
83
Are gravitational forces stronger between objects with more or less mass?
More mass
84
What is the force that keeps the moon orbiting around the Earth?
Gravity

8th Grade (4 decks)

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