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Science Final Flashcards

Science (49 cards)

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1
Q

Layers of the atmosphere (inner to outer)

A
  1. troposphere
  2. Stratosphere
  3. Mesosphere
  4. Thermosphere
  5. Exosphere
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2
Q

Air Pressure Definition:

A

the weight of the atmosphere.

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3
Q

Air Pressure: Measured at sea level as:

A

A.P. (Air pressure) = 14.7 p.s.i. (Pounds per square inch)

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4
Q

Air Pressure: What happens to air pressure as altitude increases:

A

Atmospheric pressure changes with altitude. The higher you go, the less pressure you feel.

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5
Q

Air Pressure: Type of weather associated with each

High Pressure =
Low Pressure =

A

High Pressure = good weather
Low Pressure = bad weather

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6
Q

Jet Streams:

A

The Jet Stream which occurs in the upper levels of our troposphere. This is a channel of fast-moving air. The Jet Stream creates boundary between different air masses.

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7
Q

The Greenhouse Effect:
What is it?

A

A process that happens when Carbon Dioxide is trapped in Earth’s atmosphere (creates heat). Greenhouse effect helps to keep earth warm and alive, too much Carbon Dioxide emissions heats earth too quickly and it can be very harmful.

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8
Q

The Greenhouse Effect: Is it a good/bad thing?

A

It is a good thing because it keeps people warm but it also is bad when there is too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the air gets too warm.

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9
Q

The Greenhouse Effect:

How have humans impacted?

A

Burning of fossil fuels increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide acts as a blanket to keep the heat in.

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10
Q

The Water Cycle

A

The movement of water between Earth and the atmosphere.

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11
Q

2 main gases that make up the troposphere and their %:

A
  1. 78% Nitrogen
  2. 21% Oxygen (O2)
  3. 1% Trace Gases (small amounts of others)
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12
Q

What happens to the sun’s radiation when it hits the atmosphere (4 things):

A
  1. Absorbed by the atmosphere
  2. Absorbed by earth’s surface
  3. Reflected by the atmosphere
  4. Absorbed by the earth’s surface
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13
Q

The Ozone Layer: Where is it?

A

Located in the stratosphere (second layer)

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14
Q

The Ozone Layer: Why important to life on earth

A

Ozone absorbs 97-99% of the sun’s high frequency ultraviolet radiation (UV) which is damaging the life on earth

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15
Q

The Ozone Layer: What caused a hole in the ozone layer to form?

A

Some of the chemicals that are emitted by manmade pollutants, CFS’s are thought to be responsible for breaking down the ozone layer.

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16
Q

The Ozone Formula:

A

O3

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17
Q

High Pressure System (symbol)

A

Blue H

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18
Q

Low Pressure System

symbol

A

Red L

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19
Q

Warm Front

symbol

A

Blue triangles

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20
Q

Cold Front

symbol

21
Q

Stationary front

symbol

Study These Flashcards
A

red circles and blue triangles

22
Q

Isobars -

Tighter grouping =
Wider grouping =

Study These Flashcards
A

Connect points of equal pressure on a weather map.
- Tighter grouping = bad weather
- Wide grouping = good weather

23
Q

Isotherm

What do they look like on a weather map?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Connect equal points of temperature (usually color coded)
24
Q

What is a front?

Study These Flashcards
A

when two different air types met.

25
What usually happens at fronts:
when two different air types interact we get turbulence which creates storms.
26
Types of severe weather: | five
1. Hurricane 2. Tornado 3. Blizzard 4. Thunder 5. Lighting
27
Sea breeze vs Land breeze:
Sea breeze and land breeze happen near large bodies of water, like our ocean.
28
Sea Breeze:
During the day, the land heats faster than the sea. The warm air over land rises, allowing the cooler air over the sea to move in, creating a wind that emanates from the water, called a SEA BREEZE.
29
Land Breeze
At night, the land cools faster than the adjacent water, so the air is relatively warmer above the water. It rises and the air above the land will move in to take its place. This creates a LAND BREEZE.
30
Watch
- Translation: Based on the current conditions within the atmosphere thunderstorms are likely between 6-10pm. Not a guarantee! WATCH: it COULD happen - not definite
31
Watch Example:
- The National Weather Service has issued a severe thunderstorm watch for New Jersey, south eastern New York, and eastern Pennsylvania today between the hours of 6pm and 10pm.
32
Warning:
- Translation: A storm exists, this is where it is, this is where it's going. Look out! WARNING: the storm already is occurring and is heading our way. It WILL happen.
33
Example Warning:
Example: Severe Thunderstorm Warning The National Weather Service has issued a severe thunderstorm warning for eastern Monmouth county between 7:15 and 7:35pm. A strong storm was located on radar over Freehold township at 6:53om. The storm is moving east at 12mph. This storm has the potential for strong winds, lighting, local flooding, and hail. If you are in the path of this storm, seek shelter immediately.
34
Relative humidity:
The "closeness the air is the saturation" RH < 40% = feels dry RH > 80% = feels moist(humid) Between 40% - 80% RH feels comfortable if the temperature is also comfortable. It is important to remember that as the temperature increases, the atmosphere has the ability to hold more water vapor and vice versa.
35
Rain Shadow Effect:
1. As air approaches a mountain, it is forced upward. 2. Since atmospheric temperatures drop as elevation increases, the water vapor in this air cools and condenses causing precipitation. 3. By the time the air reaches the other side of the mountains, all of the moisture is gone and it becomes very arid(dry).
36
What causes hail?
Always associated with large, powerful thunderstorms! ***Hail most likely is in the summer and NEVER in the winter.
37
What causes sleet:
- Leaves the cloud as liquid and freezes as it hits the grounds. - Frozen raindrop - WINTER EVENT
38
What causes freezing rain?
- As the liquid water(rain) hit the surface it freezes. - The ground must be FROZEN(below freezing) - WINER EVENT
39
What is climate and how does it differ from weather?
Climate is the average weather in a certain area over long periods of time. This is different from weather because the weather is current.
40
5 main factors that influence the climate for a particular area. Be able to EXPLAIN each.
1. Latitude 2. Large Bodies of water 3. Ocean Currents 4. Mountains (2) 5. Cities (2)
41
1. Latitude: | Explain how it ifluences the certian area
Depending on the intensity and duration of the solar radiation it will be hotter or cooler. At the equator you are getting direct sun light making it the hottest climate.
42
2. Large Bodies of water: | Explain how it ifluences the certian area
Have a moderating affect on climate. Year around temperatures will be less extreme near large bodies of waters. The summers will. Large bodies of water can also increase the chance of precipitation.
43
3. Ocean Currents:
In an area with colder ocean currents the weather is colder. In an area with warmer ocean currents the weather is warmer.
44
4. Mountains (2):
As elevation increases the temperature decreases. Also, the rain shadow effect.
45
5. Cities (2): | Explain how it ifluences the certian area
The population which thickens the atmosphere makes the climate hotter. All materials in the city absorb the heat making at warmer. Microclimate
46
What are the 3 main climate zones on Earth?
1. Polar 2. Temperate 3. Tropics
47
1. Polar:
Suns energy arrives at an oblique angle. Least amount of sunlight and are therefore frigid. Ice & snow also reflects of a large part of what light sunlight the polar regions receive. Extreme variations in daylight hours, with twenty four hours of day light in the summer & completer darkness at mid winter.
48
2. Temperate:
Between the tropics & the polar regions. Temperatures relatively moderate most temperate climate have 4 seasons most of the world's population lives in the temperate zone.
49
3. Tropics:
Zone means warm to hot and moist year-round. Lush(good) vegetation. Receive the most direct solar radiation. Tropical areas only 2 seasons wet & dry.

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