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Science final Flashcards

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1
Q

How does the Sun’s energy get to Earth

A

electromagnetic radiation

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2
Q

what are three way s that the waves get pass the atmosphere

A

Infrared, visible, and uv light

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3
Q

what are the 4 layers of the Earths atmosphere from outermost to innermost

A

Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Startosphere, and troposphere

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4
Q

what layer of the startosphere is responsible for protecting radiation

A

Ozone layer

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5
Q

what is the Greenhouse affect and Which gases that are now growing in abundance are reponsisible for trapping heat int he atmosphere

A

Gases in the atmosphere which are carbon dioxide and Methan trap heat near the surface

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6
Q

what are three types of heat transfers and what is an example for each

A

Conduction: The transfer of heat between two solids substances that are in contact
convection: The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid
Radiation: The transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves

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7
Q

how do convection current work

A

warm temperatures causes air to rise, but as air rise it cools and descends until it is warmed again, repeating the cycle.

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8
Q

what is wind

A

movement of air

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9
Q

how is wind created

A

from area or high pressure and areas of low pressure

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10
Q

How are high pressure areas and low pressure areas formed

A

by changing temperatures

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11
Q

what temperature is associtaed with high and low pressure areas

A

High is with cold temperatures
low is with high temperatures

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12
Q

What is the Corilos effect

A

As the Earth rotates the winds turn in different directions

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13
Q

what way do the winds turn in the Northern Hemisphere

A

clockwise

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14
Q

what way to the winds turn in the southern Hemisphere

A

counterclockwise

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15
Q

What is meant by “Global Wind Patterns”

A

Winds blow in the same direction depending on the latitude

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16
Q

what are the three major wind belts

A

Trade winds, Prevailing Westerlies, and Polar Easterlies

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17
Q

what are the two clam areas

A

Doldrums and Horse Latitudes

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18
Q

What is an ocean current

A

a stream of water moving through the ocean

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19
Q

what are the two types of Ocean currents

A

surface currents and deep Ocean currents

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20
Q

why don’t ocean current move across the Earth in the same way that global winds do

A

Continents stand in the way

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21
Q

what is the difference between weather and climate

A

weather: is a temporary atmospheric condition
climate: is consistent for a great portion of a year

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22
Q

What factors can contribute to an area’s climate

A

latitude, altitude, promixmity of large bodies of water, ocean currents, and Prevailing winds.

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23
Q

How does Latitude affect climate

A

Temperatures and wind/ocean current patterns vary depending on how far away from the climate is from the equator

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24
Q

what are the three temperature zones and what are there temperatures like

A

Tropical: Recevies consistent sun rays all year round, warm and humid
Temperate: sun rays hit the Northern and southern hemispheres differently depending on the timee of year
Polar: sun rays less directly year around,

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25
How does altitude affect climate
The higher the elevation the colder it is
26
What are the six major climate regions
Tropical, Dry, Marine temperate, Continental Temperate, polar highland
27
What is a star
a gaint ball of superheated plasma composed of lately hydrogen and helium
28
what is a planet
A object that revoles around a start, has enough gravity to become spherical, and has clear its area or orbit
29
what is a moon
an object that revoles around a planet
30
what is the difference between a meteoroid, a meteor, and a meteorite
meteoroid: a small rock in space meteor: a streak of light created when a meteoroid burns meteorite when it hits the earth
31
what is a comet and why does it have a tail
a cold mix of ice and dust that forms a tail of gases as it apporches the sun
32
what is a constellation
a group of starts that represent figures and animals
33
how many constellations are there
88
34
what are the difference between actual motion and aren't motion
objects in the sky the appear to move from the prespective of earth Iis different from how object actually moveq
35
what is the reason why object appear to move in the night sky
due to earths rotation
36
what is the geocentric model
Earth is at the center and the sun goes around the Earth
37
what is the heliocentric model
the sun is at the center and the Earth goes around the sun
38
what is Rotaation
an object spinning on its axis
39
what is Revolution
an object going around another object
40
what is a Axis
the imaginary line that runs through the center of an object around which it rotates
41
what is orbit
the path an object takes as it revolves around another object
42
what is an ellipse
An oval shape which many planets orbit
43
what degree is the Earth tilted at
23.5 degreed
44
How does the Earth til affect seasons
A hemisphere will experience summer when its pole is pointed toward the Sun
45
what is a solstice
The pointes in the Earth's revolution where either the north or south pole is titled towards the Suns
46
what is an equinox
the point in Earths Revolution where the title of Earth is parallel to the Sun resulting in 12 hr days and nights
47
which months do solstices occure
June and december
48
what months do equinox occur
MArch and September
49
What is Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
Everything that has mass is drawn to everything else that has mass
50
what two things does strength of gravity depend upon
the mass and the distance between objects
51
what are two forces keep the Eath in orbit
Gravity and inerita
52
what causes the phases of the Moon
the revolution of the Moon around the Earth and the extent to which we see the lit portion of the Sun from our position on Earth
53
at are the names of the Eight main moon phases
New Moon, waxing crescent, 1st quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning Gibous, 3rd quarter, waning Gibous
54
what does waxing mean
adding
55
what does waning mean
fading
56
what is the position of the Sun, Earth, and Moon during a full moon
Earth is between the the Sun and the moon
57
what is the position of the sun, earth, and Moon during a new moon
The moon is between the Earth and the Sun
58
what is a solar eclipse
when the moon is covering the Sun from the Earthw
59
what is a lunar eclipse
is where the Earth blocks the moon and its shadow goes on the Moon turning it red
60
what is the relationship between the moon and itdes
the moon gravitational pull creates a bluge in the Ocean water, resulting in "High tides"
61
what is an astronomical unit
the distance between the Sun and the Earth
62
what are the eight planets
mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
63
What are the difference between the four inner planets and the four other planets
Inner: smaller closer to the Sun, made out of rock Outer: Larger, father to the sun, made out of gases
64
what are the five dwarf planets
Pluto, Ceres, Make make, Haumea, and Eris
65
which planets have no moons
Mercury and venus
66
which planet has the most moon
Saturn
67
what are asteroids
small, mostly rocky bodies
68
what is the difference between an asteroid and a meteorid
asteroid are bigger
69
what are the three zone's of the Sun's interior?
core, radiation zone, and convection zone
70
what are the three layers of the Sun's atmosphere
photosphere, chromoephere, and corona
71
what is a sunspot
dark areas on the Sun's surfaceh
72
what are prominences
a huge loops of polarized plasma that link different parts of sunspots regions
73
what are solar flares
when prominence connect they force solar flares
74
which two element make up the majority of the Sun
Hydrogen and Helium
75
what is the life cycle of a small medium start
protostar, small/medium star, Red Giant, Planetary Nebula, White Dwarf, Black Dwarfw
76
what is the life cycle of a large mass star
protostar, large mass star, supergiant, supernova, and neutron star
77
what is a black hole
An object with gravity st strong that nothing, not even light can escape
78
what characteristics do scientists use to classify stars
brightness, color, temperature, size, chemical composition,
79
How does a stars color demonstrate its temperature
A blue star it is hot, yellow is mid temperature, and red is cooler
80
what is a lightyear
the distace that light travels in one year
81
what is apparent brightness
brightness of a star as seen from Earth
82
what is absolute brightness
brightness a star would have if it were at a standard distance from Earth
83

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