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Science 7th > Science Final > Flashcards

Science Final Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

Inference

A

A guess and observation using the senses.

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2
Q

Constant

A

Something that stays the same

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3
Q

Control group

A

Test group with no change

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4
Q

Independent variable

A

Factor being tested in the experiment

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5
Q

Dependent variable

A

Data being collected in the experiment

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6
Q

Quantitative data

A

involves numbers

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7
Q

Qualitative data

A

involves a description

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8
Q

Scientific method

A

Question, hypothesis, experiment, data, conclusion

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9
Q

Metric conversion

A

King Henry Dies by Drinking Chocolate Milk

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10
Q

Mass

A

Measured in grams. Amount of matter in a substance. Triple balance beam used.

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11
Q

Volume

A

Measured in milliliters. The space an object takes up. Graduated cylinders used.

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12
Q

Length

A

Measured in meters. The distance from one point to another. Meter stick used.

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13
Q

Solids

A

Have the most attractive forces between particles and particles are close.

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14
Q

Gases

A

Have the least attractive forces and particles are far apart.

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15
Q

Liquids

A

Have some attractive force and are a little bit spread apart

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16
Q

When do phase changes occur?

A

When energy is absorbed or released

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17
Q

At a phase change -

A

No change in temperature and the line is flat on the graph

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18
Q

Evaporate

A

a liquid turns to a gas

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19
Q

Condense

A

gas returns to a liquid

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20
Q

Melt

A

solid returns to liquid

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21
Q

Freeze

A

liquid turns to solid

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22
Q

Element

A

Cannot be broken down physically or chemically (Ag -silver)

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23
Q

Compound

A

Two or more elements chemically combined and can be broken down chemically (H2O -water)

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24
Q

Mixture

A

Two or more pure substances (NaCl) - saltwater

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25
Big Bang Theory
How the universe was formed
26
Heliocentric vs. Geocentric
Helio - sun centered; Geo - earth centric
27
Inertia and gravity
Keep planets in order in our solar and keep our galaxy orbiting around a giant black hole
28
Inner planets
are rocky
29
Outer planets
gas giants
30
Rotation
involves spinning on its axis
31
Revolution
Involves orbiting around another
32
Moon phases
Eight moon phases. Eclipses may happen at new or full moon.
33
Equinox
Most direct light on Equator - March and Sept. 21
34
Solstices
Most direct light 23.5 degress North and South of Equator June and Dec. 21
35
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
Shows brightness, temperature and color of stars
36
One month orbit
27-28 days
37
One earth orbit around the sun
364 1/4 days (year-why we have Leap Year every 4 years).
38
Sun
Only star in solar system
39
Air
78% nitrogen; 21% oxygen
40
Major climate zones
Temperate at mid-latitudes; Tropical by the equator; Polar by poles
41
Types of fronts
Warm Front, Cold Front, Occluded Front, Stationary Front
42
Cold front
cold air moves underneath warm air forcing warm air to rise
43
Warm Front
forms when warm air moves over cold air. Moves slowly, bringing warm humid air
44
Stationary Front
Forms when cold and warm air masses meet by neither has enough force to move the other. May bring days of clouds and precipitation
45
Occluded front
Warmer air mass caught between two cooler air masses
46
Hurricanes
Occur over the ocean and gain strength from warm water
47
Tornados
Occur over land from mixing of dry cold air and warm moist air
48
Air masses
cP; cT; mP; mT
49
mT
maritime tropical - warm humid air from the Gulf of Mexico to the Eastern U.S. or warm humid air from the Pacific Ocean to the West Coast
50
cT
Continental tropical (tropical air mass from Southwest brings hot, dry air to the southern Great Plains).
51
mP
maritime polar (Air masses from North Atlantic Ocean are often pushed out by sea to westerly winds)
52
cP
Continental polar (Air masses from central and northern Canada bring cold air to the central and eastern U.S.)
53
Air pressure
decreases as altitude increases
54
Layers of the Earth
Inner core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust
55
Oceanic crust
Thinner than continental crust
56
Spheres of Earth
Hydrosphere (water); Lithosphere (rocky crust); Atmosphere (air above); Biosphere (all living things)
57
Convection currents
The reason why plates move and is in the mantle
58
Pangaea
Super continent from millions of years ago
59
Igneous rocks
Created from solidified lava (crystal patterns; granite)
60
Sedimentary
Formed from millions of years of sediment (layered, pebbles cemented in)
61
Metamorphic
Formed frome heat and pressure (waves and folds, slate/shale)
62
Weathering
Rock breaking down
63
Erosion
Material broken down and moved
64
Earthquakes
Due to folding and faulting
65
Mineral streak
Power minerals leave
66
Mineral hardness
Ability to scratch
67
Mineral fracture
Break without a pattern
68
Mineral cleavage
pattern of breakage
69
Balanced forces
cause motion
70
Unbalanced force
no motion
71
Friction
creates heat; opposes motion
72
Potential energy
Stored energy
73
Kinetic energy
Energy of motion
74
Calculate speed
using speed = distance/time
75
Simple machines that make work easier
screw, wedge, inclined plane, pulley, wheel n axle and lever.
76
Newton's laws:
1- Object at rest stays at rest; object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an outside force 2 - F=MxA (Force = Mass x Acceleration) 3- For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
77
Different forms of energy
thermal, electromagnetic, sounds, nuclear, mechanical
78
Energy transformations
involve energy changing to another
79
Friction
Opposes motion
80
Formula for work
Work=force x distance
81
Refraction
involves bending of light
82
reflection
involves changing direction
83
Diffraction
involves light moving around a barrier
84
Electromagnetic spectrum
Reveals frequency (how often) and wavelength (strength) of energy
85
Light
travels faster than sound and doesn't need a medium
86
Sound
must have gas or liquid in order to be heard.

Science 7th (3 decks)

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