Science flahscards week 3

Question 1

What is Evolution?

Answer 1

A physical change that takes place over time.

Question 2

What is Adaptation?

Answer 2

An Adaptation is a beneficial change.

Question 3

Do fish have a backbone?

Answer 3

Yes fish have a backbone

Question 4

Whats a stimulus?

Answer 4

A signal that causes an organism to react in some way.

Question 5

What is a response?

Answer 5

An organisms reaction to a stimulus.(All animal behaviors are caused by stimuli.)

Question 6

what are two important functions of behavior?

Answer 6

Survival And reproduction.

Question 7

What is an instinct?

Answer 7

Behavior without being taught.

Question 8

What is learned behavior?

Answer 8

Change in behavior based on practice or experience.

Question 9

What’s imprinting?

Answer 9

Newborn recognizes and follows the first moving object they see.

Question 10

What is a conditioning stimulus?

Answer 10

A specific stimulus or response leads to a good or a bad outcome.

Question 11

Whats a trial-and-error Learning?

Answer 11

repeated
practice that results in a reward and avoids
behaviors that result in a punishment.

Question 12

what is an insight Learning?

Answer 12

using what you know
to solve a problem.using what you know
to solve a problem.

Question 13

How do animals use communication?

Answer 13

animals use sounds,
scents, body movements to communicate.

Question 14

What is Pheromone?

Answer 14

a chemical released by one
animal that affects the behavior of another
animal of the same species

Question 15

What is Aggression?

Answer 15

a threatening behavior that
one animal uses to gain control over another
animal. Aggression is due to competition
over limited resources

Question 16

What is Courtship Behavior?

Answer 16

behavior to prepare for
mating.

Question 17

What is Group Behavior?

Answer 17

Group Behavior: beneficial for safety in
numbers and sharing (cooperation) in work,
food, water, shelter.

Question 18

What is Circadian Rhythms?

Answer 18

behavior cycles that
occur over a day (e.g., awake/work daylight,
sleep night time).

Question 19

What is Hibernation?

Answer 19

sleep/reduced activity during
winter in which the need for food has stopped.

Question 20

What is Migration?

Answer 20

routine, seasonal journey of an animals from one place to another and back
again.

Question 21

What is a organ?

Answer 21

different tissues but performs a specific function

Question 22

What is an organ system?

Answer 22

group of different organs working together to perform a major (complex) function

Question 23

What is homeostasis?

Answer 23

an organism’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of change in the external environment

Question 24

What 5 functions of the skeleton?

Answer 24

1. shape & support
2. move (locomotion)
3. protect organs
4. produce blood cells
5. store minerals

Question 25

What is the vertebral column?

Answer 25

The Backbone

Question 26

Whats a vertebrae?

Answer 26

A disc-like small bones separated by cartilage.

Question 27

Whats joint?

Answer 27

where two bones come together; allows bones to move in different ways

Question 28

Whats a immovable joint?

Answer 28

A joint that does not move.

Question 29

What are ligaments?

Answer 29

tissue holding joints together;bone to bone

Question 30

Whats a cartilage?

Answer 30

Cushion

Question 31

Whats the movement of Hinge joints?

Answer 31

forward/backward; ex: knee, elbow

Question 32

Whats the movement of Ball & socket joint?

Answer 32

free movement; ex: shoulder, hip

Question 33

Whats the movement of Pivot Joint?

Answer 33

side to side rotation; ex: neck.

Question 34

Whats the movement of Gliding joint?

Answer 34

sliding motion; ex: wrist, ankle.

Question 35

Whats Bone Structure?

Answer 35

trabecular or spongy bone because it looks a bit like sponge. Bone marrow is found in the “holes” of the spongy bone.

Question 36

What is an involuntary Muscles?

Answer 36

not under conscious control.

Question 37

What is an voluntary Muscle?

Answer 37

under conscious control.

Question 38

What are striated muscles?

Answer 38

Muscles with lines.

Question 39

What are Nonstriated Muscles?

Answer 39

Muscles with no lines.

Question 40

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 40

Skeleton Muscle Cardiac Muscle Smooth muscle

Question 41

What are skeleton muscles?

Answer 41

attached to and moves bones of the skeleton

Question 42

What are cardiac muscle?

Answer 42

makes up the thick middle layer of the heart.

Question 43

What are smooth muscles?

Answer 43

an involuntary, non-striated muscle.

Question 44

Whats an tendon?

Answer 44

attached muscle to bone

Question 45

Do muscles work in pairs?

Answer 45

Yes.

Question 46

what are sweat glands?

Answer 46

produce perspiration

Question 47

What are oil glands?

Answer 47

Waterproof hair and keeps skin moist.

Question 48

What are hair follicles?

Answer 48

Site of hair growth.

Question 49

What is absorbtion?

Answer 49

nutrient molecules pass through wall of small intestine into bloodstream

Question 50

Whats digestion?

Answer 50

breakdown food into nutrient molecules.

Question 51

What does the mouth do?

Answer 51

digestion begins; saliva contains water, DNA, enzymes (which breaks down starches). Teeth physically breaks down food.

Question 52

What are the teeth types?

Answer 52

incisors: cut into pieces canines: tear, slash into pieces molars: crush and grind into powder

Question 53

Whats Enzyme?

Answer 53

protein that speed up chemical reactions

Question 54

Whats the function of the esphoagus?

Answer 54

muscular tube connecting mouth to stomach.

Question 55

Whats the function of Epiglottis:?

Answer 55

flap (sheet) of tissue which seals off trachea (windpipe) to lungs.

Question 56

Whats the function of Peristalsis:?

Answer 56

involuntary muscular contractions that push food toward stomach and through intestines.

Question 57

Whats the function of the stomach?

Answer 57

holds/stores food; where protein breakdown begins:

Question 58

What is the function of HCL Acid?

Answer 58

chemical that breaks down solid food into paste (chyme); kills bacteria

Question 59

What is mucus?

Answer 59

covers stomach wall which protects stomach against ulcers (= holes in stomach wall)

Question 60

what are stomach cells?

Answer 60

are quickly replaced if damaged or worn.

Question 61

what is the liver function?

Answer 61

breaks down medicine and alcohol (poisons, toxins) removes nitrogen produces bile

Question 62

What is bile?

Answer 62

breaks down medicine and alcohol (poisons, toxins) removes nitrogen produces bile

Question 63

What the function of the pancreaus?

Answer 63

produces enzymes which enter small intestine and chemically breaks down fats, proteins and complex carbohydrates (starch).

Question 64

What is the large intestine?

Answer 64

contains good bacteria that produces Vitamin K (clots blood)

Question 65

What is the rectum?

Answer 65

stores undigested solid waste

Question 66

What is the Anus?

Answer 66

muscular opening at end of rectum

Question 67

What is digestive juice?

Answer 67

HCL acid and pepsin (enzyme).

Question 68

What is pepsin?

Answer 68

enzyme that breaks down protein.

Question 69

What is Chyme?

Answer 69

solid food is broken down into thick liquid paste

Question 70

Whats the function of the small intestine?

Answer 70

break down food, absorb nutrients needed for the body, and get rid of the unnecessary components.