science flash cards
(57 cards)
What is a joint?
The part of the body where two bones meet to allow movement
What type of joint allows movement in multiple directions, such as the shoulder?
Ball and socket joint
Which joint type moves back and forth or up and down, such as the elbow?
Hinge joint
What joint type swivels, as seen in the neck?
Pivot joint
What type of joint slides back and forth, such as in the wrist?
Gliding/saddle joint
What is a fixed immoveable joint?
A joint that does not move or has very little movement, like the skull and pelvis
How do muscles enable skeleton movement?
Muscles are attached to bones, and their action allows movement at joints
What are tendons?
Tough bands that attach muscles to bones
What are antagonistic muscles?
Pairs of muscles that work against each other, with one contracting and the other relaxing
Name two examples of antagonistic muscles.
Biceps and triceps
What are the four components of blood?
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Plasma
- Platelets
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
To carry oxygen from the lungs to every cell in the body
What is the role of white blood cells?
To fight infection and form part of the immune system
What are the two types of white blood cells?
- Phagocytes
- Lymphocytes
What is plasma?
The liquid component of blood that carries cells, hormones, glucose, and waste
What do platelets do?
They form scabs to stop bleeding
What is haemoglobin?
A red pigment in red blood cells that binds with oxygen
What did Ernest Rutherford’s experiment demonstrate?
Most atoms are mostly empty space with a small, dense positively charged nucleus
What are the three subatomic particles of an atom?
- Electrons (negative charge)
- Protons (positive charge)
- Neutrons (no charge)
What is the atomic number?
The number on the top of an element on the periodic table, representing the number of protons
What is an ion?
A charged particle due to a difference in the number of electrons and protons
True or False: Opposite charges attract while like charges repel.
True
What is a pure substance?
A substance that consists of only one element or one compound
What is a mixture?
A substance consisting of two or more substances not chemically combined