science flash cards

(57 cards)

1
Q

What is a joint?

A

The part of the body where two bones meet to allow movement

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2
Q

What type of joint allows movement in multiple directions, such as the shoulder?

A

Ball and socket joint

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3
Q

Which joint type moves back and forth or up and down, such as the elbow?

A

Hinge joint

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4
Q

What joint type swivels, as seen in the neck?

A

Pivot joint

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5
Q

What type of joint slides back and forth, such as in the wrist?

A

Gliding/saddle joint

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6
Q

What is a fixed immoveable joint?

A

A joint that does not move or has very little movement, like the skull and pelvis

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7
Q

How do muscles enable skeleton movement?

A

Muscles are attached to bones, and their action allows movement at joints

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8
Q

What are tendons?

A

Tough bands that attach muscles to bones

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9
Q

What are antagonistic muscles?

A

Pairs of muscles that work against each other, with one contracting and the other relaxing

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10
Q

Name two examples of antagonistic muscles.

A

Biceps and triceps

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11
Q

What are the four components of blood?

A
  • Red blood cells
  • White blood cells
  • Plasma
  • Platelets
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12
Q

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

A

To carry oxygen from the lungs to every cell in the body

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13
Q

What is the role of white blood cells?

A

To fight infection and form part of the immune system

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14
Q

What are the two types of white blood cells?

A
  • Phagocytes
  • Lymphocytes
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15
Q

What is plasma?

A

The liquid component of blood that carries cells, hormones, glucose, and waste

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16
Q

What do platelets do?

A

They form scabs to stop bleeding

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17
Q

What is haemoglobin?

A

A red pigment in red blood cells that binds with oxygen

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18
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford’s experiment demonstrate?

A

Most atoms are mostly empty space with a small, dense positively charged nucleus

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19
Q

What are the three subatomic particles of an atom?

A
  • Electrons (negative charge)
  • Protons (positive charge)
  • Neutrons (no charge)
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20
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number on the top of an element on the periodic table, representing the number of protons

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21
Q

What is an ion?

A

A charged particle due to a difference in the number of electrons and protons

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22
Q

True or False: Opposite charges attract while like charges repel.

A

True

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23
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

A substance that consists of only one element or one compound

24
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A substance consisting of two or more substances not chemically combined

25
What is speed?
A measurement of how fast an object is moving
26
Fill in the blank: Speed = _______.
distance / time
27
What are the two types of carbohydrates?
* Starches * Sugars
28
What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
They are the primary source of energy for the body
29
What is the function of lipids?
Energy source, insulation, and protection for vital organs
30
What are the two types of lipids?
* Oils (liquid at room temperature) * Fats (solid at room temperature)
31
What is fiber?
A substance that adds bulk to food and helps it pass through the digestive system
32
What are enzymes?
Proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in our body
33
What is the Biuret test used for?
To test for the presence of proteins
34
What is the law of reflection?
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
35
What is refraction?
The change in direction of a light ray when it travels from one material to another
36
What is a magnetic field?
The region around a magnet where a force acts on another magnet or magnetic material
37
What is an electromagnet?
A magnet created by electric current passing through coils of wire around an iron core
38
What are fossil fuels?
Natural resources formed from ancient plant and animal remains, including coal, oil, and natural gas
39
What is climate?
The long-term average of weather patterns in a particular area
40
What are asteroids?
Small, rocky bodies that orbit the sun, often remnants from the formation of planets
41
What are asteroids?
Small, rocky bodies that orbit the sun, also known as minor planets or planetoids ## Footnote They are materials left over from planetary formation and can also be created from collisions in space.
42
What is the general location of most asteroids in the solar system?
Between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter ## Footnote This region is often referred to as the asteroid belt.
43
What are meteoroids?
Rocks in space that range in size from dust grains to small asteroids ## Footnote They are the precursors to meteors and meteorites.
44
What are meteors?
Meteoroids that enter a planet's atmosphere at high speeds and create fireballs ## Footnote Commonly referred to as 'shooting stars'.
45
What is a meteorite?
A meteoroid that survives its passage through the atmosphere and hits the ground ## Footnote These are the remnants of meteoroids that reach a planet's surface.
46
What are galaxies made up of?
Stars, planets, and large clouds of gas and dust held together by gravity ## Footnote The largest galaxies can contain trillions of stars.
47
What is the size range of galaxies?
From a few thousand stars to trillions of stars and over a million light-years wide ## Footnote The diversity in size is significant among different galaxies.
48
What is a supermassive black hole?
A black hole at the center of most large galaxies, weighing billions of times more than the sun ## Footnote These black holes play a crucial role in the formation and dynamics of galaxies.
49
What are the main shapes of galaxies?
Spirals, ellipticals, and irregular shapes ## Footnote Each shape indicates different formation histories and characteristics.
50
What are galaxy clusters?
Groups of about 100 galaxies held together by gravity ## Footnote These structures can range in size and density.
51
What are superclusters?
Large collections of galaxy clusters that are not held together by gravity ## Footnote They represent some of the largest structures in the universe.
52
What is the cosmic web?
The large-scale structure of the universe, consisting of superclusters, empty space, and walls of galaxies ## Footnote This web illustrates how matter is distributed throughout the universe.
53
What is the Milky Way?
Our home galaxy, a spiral galaxy with a disk of stars spanning more than 100,000 light years ## Footnote Earth is located along one of the spiral arms.
54
How long does it take for our solar system to orbit the Milky Way?
About 240 million years ## Footnote This period is often referred to as a cosmic year.
55
What is cosmic dust?
Tiny particles in space made up of materials like carbon and metal ## Footnote Cosmic dust plays a significant role in the formation of planets and stars.
56
Fill in the blank: Most asteroids travel around the sun in a loose path that falls between the orbits of ______ and ______.
Mars and Jupiter ## Footnote This area is commonly referred to as the asteroid belt.
57
True or False: Meteors are the same as meteoroids.
False ## Footnote Meteors are the visible phenomena created when meteoroids enter the atmosphere.