Science - General Biology

Question 1

Define: DNA

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid - controls activities of the cell

Question 2

Define: plasma cell membrane

Answer 2

semipermeable membrane that separates contents of the cell from the surrounding fluid

Question 3

Define: interstitial fluid

Answer 3

fluid that surrounds the contents of the cell

Question 4

Define: cytoplasm

Answer 4

fluid matrix found between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Question 5

Define: ribosome

Answer 5

sites of protein synthesis in the cell

Question 6

Define: endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

transport within the cell and is made up of many channels

Question 7

Define: golgi complex

Answer 7

modifies and packages proteins destined for use in the cell or for export from the cell

Question 8

Define: lysosome

Answer 8

eats garbage

Question 9

Define: cell wall

Answer 9

surrounds plant cells

Question 10

Define: chloroplast

Answer 10

contain chlorophyll important for photosynthesis

Question 11

Define: vacuole

Answer 11

compartments inside the cytoplasm for secretion, excretion and storage

Question 12

Define: chromatin

Answer 12

loose form of how DNA is found

Question 13

Define: chromosomes

Answer 13

condensed rod like shaped bodies that DNA turns into when cell is dividing

Question 14

Define: mitosis

Answer 14

cell division in which the chromosomes are doubles prior to division

Question 15

Define: zygote

Answer 15

cell created by the union of a sperm and egg

Question 16

Define: meiosis

Answer 16

divison in which chromosomes are doubles then two subsequent divisions happen and produce 4 daughter cells

Question 17

Define: ATP

Answer 17

adenosine triphosphate: chemical that cells use to store and transfer energy within itself.

Question 18

three types of muscle tissue

Answer 18

skeletal, cardiac and smooth

Question 19

four types of connective tissue

Answer 19

cartilage, blood, fat, bone

Question 20

what is an organ

Answer 20

various tissues combined

Question 21

what is an organ system

Answer 21

number of organs working together to carry out a major function

Question 22

what is an organism

Answer 22

highest level of organization, human body

Question 23

what is the name of the book that Charles Darwin published that presented the evidence for evolution

Answer 23

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection

Question 24

what year did Charles Darwin publish “On the origin of species by means of natural selection”

Answer 24

1859

Question 25

What is evolution?

Answer 25

theory regarding the process that have produced biological diversity

Question 26

what were darwin two main arguments?

Answer 26

1. the present species evolved from ancestral ones | 2. evolution occurs by means of natural selection

Question 27

what is adaption?

Answer 27

the organisms that are best fit to survive

Question 28

what is the fossil record?

Answer 28

the evidence that supports the theory of evolution that consists of ancient remnants

Question 29

vertebrates

Answer 29

animals with backbones

Question 30

what is biogeography?

Answer 30

the geographical distribution of plants and animals

Question 31

what is comparative anatomy?

Answer 31

the comparison of organisms structures

Question 32

what is comparative embryology?

Answer 32

the comparison of organisms embryos

Question 33

what is molecular biology?

Answer 33

biology at the molecular level

Question 34

what is an example of evolution occurring today?

Answer 34

antibiotic resistant bacteria

Question 35

what is taxonomy?

Answer 35

study of scientific classification that is grouped based on similarities and differences

Question 36

what are the broadest units of classification in taxonomy?

Answer 36

kingdoms

Question 37

what are the five kingdoms?

Answer 37

animal, plant, monera (bacteria), protist (algae) and fungi (mold, yeast)

Question 38

what are the six specific classifications in taxonomy?

Answer 38

phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

Question 39

how is the scientific name made up in taxonomy?

Answer 39

genus and species

Question 40

when water is the same amount outside a cell than it is inside it is called...

Answer 40

isotonic

Question 41

when the solute is more concentrated outside the cell than inside it is called...

Answer 41

hypertonic

Question 42

when the solute concentration is lower than the inside of the cell it is called...

Answer 42

hypotonic

Question 43

what is filtration?

Answer 43

the movement of water and solutes through the membrane by pressure

Question 44

what are autotrophs?

Answer 44

organisms that produce their own food from inorganic substances

Question 45

what are heterotrophs?

Answer 45

consumers of plants and animals

Question 46

what are primary consumers?

Answer 46

herbivores or omnivores

Question 47

what are secondary consumers?

Answer 47

carnivores or omnivores that eat herbivores

Question 48

what are trophic levels of an ecosystem?

Answer 48

how organisms meets it nutritional needs

Question 49

what is a food chain?

Answer 49

the path along which food is transferred from level to level

Question 50

what is the interrelationship of many food chains

Answer 50

food web

Question 51

what are decomposers?

Answer 51

consume nonliving organic material and release inorganic material

Question 52

what is a biotic factor?

Answer 52

living parts of the ecosystem

Question 53

what is a abiotic factor?

Answer 53

nonliving influences such as temperature

Question 54

what is symbiosis?

Answer 54

separate species living together

Question 55

what is the symbiosis in which one organism is harmed and one is benefiting?

Answer 55

parasitism

Question 56

what is commensalism?

Answer 56

one species benefits and one remains unaffected

Question 57

what is mutualism?

Answer 57

a symbiosis in which both species benefit

Question 58

what is a biosphere?

Answer 58

entire portion of our planet that is inhabited by living things in a variety of ecosystems and communities.

Question 59

inside of a biosphere there are groups of ecosystems that are common to the various types of geographical areas, what are these geographical areas called?

Answer 59

biomes

Question 60

what biome has little precipitation and are more arid than all other biomes?

Answer 60

desert

Question 61

what biome has a relatively constant temperature with constant daylight length throughout the year, high humidity and abundant rain?

Answer 61

tropical rain forest

Question 62

what biome has air that contains enough moisture to support the growth of large trees and are found in the midlatitude regions of the world?

Answer 62

deciduous forests

Question 63

what biome is found at high and cool elevations and seasons consist of short summers and long chilly winters?

Answer 63

coniferous forests

Question 64

what biome is characterized by very cold temperatures and high altitude, trees can't grow here but bushes and shrub can

Answer 64

tundras

Question 65

what is the process called where chlorophyll absorbs light energy in which the energy drives the synthesis of food molecules for plants

Answer 65

photosynthesis

Question 66

what is chlorophyll?

Answer 66

a pigment that is located in the chloroplast of plant cells

Question 67

carbon dioxide + water + light energy -->

Answer 67

carbohydrates + oxygen (photo synthesis)

Question 68

what covers the stem and leaves of a plant as a waxy layer that helps prevent water loss through evaporation?

Answer 68

cuticle

Question 69

what are the pores on plant leaves that allow carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to be released during photosynthesis without losing too much water?

Answer 69

stomates

Question 70

what part of flowering plants allow reproduction?

Answer 70

angiosperms

Question 71

what part of a flower is in charge of encasing the flower before it blooms?

Answer 71

sepals

Question 72

what are the petals useful for?

Answer 72

attracting pollinators

Question 73

what is present in the middle of petals? (flower)

Answer 73

stamen and pistils

Question 74

what does the anther do(flower)?

Answer 74

place of pollen production

Question 75

what does the stamen do(flower)?

Answer 75

consists of the filament

Question 76

what does the filament do (flower)?

Answer 76

supports the anther

Question 77

what does the pistil do (flower)?

Answer 77

consists of the stigma

Question 78

what does the stigma do (flower)?

Answer 78

receives pollen

Question 79

what does the style do (flower)?

Answer 79

leads to the ovary

Question 80

what is the ovary of the flower?

Answer 80

contains ovules and where fertilization occurs

Question 81

what happens after fertilization of the flower?

Answer 81

ovules within the ovary develop into seeds

Question 82

after fertilization what happens to the walls of the flower ovary?

Answer 82

the ovary thickens to protect the seed

Question 83

what is a fruit?

Answer 83

thick fleshy protective layer after flower fertilization

Question 84

what are genes?

Answer 84

instructions for all living things that determines characteristics of an organism

Question 85

what are the pairs that genes are found in?

Answer 85

alleles

Question 86

what is it called when an individual has two identical genes for a trait?

Answer 86

homozygous

Question 87

who first explained and created the laws of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment?

Answer 87

Gregor Mendel

Question 88

what is the law of dominance?

Answer 88

the dominant trait is expressed and recessive is masked

Question 89

what is it called when an individual has one dominant and one recessive trait?

Answer 89

heterozygous

Question 90

what is a phenotype?

Answer 90

the physical trait expressed

Question 91

what is the law of segregation?

Answer 91

(punnet square) when two heterozygous reproduce, the hidden trait appears 25% in the offspring

Question 92

what is the law of independent assortment?

Answer 92

genes on different chromosomes are inherited independently of each other

Question 93

what does it mean when traits are linked?

Answer 93

when genes for different traits are in the same chromosome

Question 94

what is codominance?

Answer 94

when a heterozygote trait expresses a mixture of the two traits -- a red trait and a white trait mix to make RW

Question 95

how many pairs of chromosomes are autosomes? (NONSEX)

Answer 95

22

Question 96

XX

Answer 96

female

Question 97

XY

Answer 97

male

Question 98

what are sex linked traits?

Answer 98

genes that are only found on the X chromosome

Question 99

what are the names of the two men who first came up with the model that explains the structure of DNA?

Answer 99

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 100

what are the thousand of units that make up DNA?

Answer 100

nucleotides

Question 101

what is each nucleotide composed of?

Answer 101

phosphate group, deoxyribose, nitrogenous base

Question 102

what is deoxyribose?

Answer 102

five carbon sugar

Question 103

what is the process called where forming m-rna according to the information contained the dna molecule

Answer 103

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