Science Grade 4 End of Year Test Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is energy
Energy is the ability to do work
What is the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy?
Potential energy is stored energy, kinetic is energy of motion.
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only transferred or transformed.
How does energy transfer from one form to another?
Energy can transfer from one form to another by touching one object and the energy moves from one source to another.
What is the difference between longitudinal waves and transverse waves?
Longitudinal waves move horizontal, Transverse waves move vertical.
What does it mean when light is absorbed,reflected, or refracted?
Reflection-how much light reflects from a surface
Refraction- bending of the light path as the light passes from one material into another.
Absorption- the tendency of a material to absorb some part of the light and convert it to heat, or perhaps some other form of energy.
What is the difference between light and sound waves?
Sound waves, being longitudinal,are slower than light waves, and don’t travel through a vacuum (e.g space). Finally, and again, because of their initial displacement and type of motion, sound waves travel faster through denser mediums (solids), while light waves travel faster through less dense mediums (gasses).
what are waves?
A wave is a physical phenomenon characterized by its frequency, wavelength, and amplitude.
Describe what internal and external structure is and give an example of each.
internal structure is the inside makeup of a plant or animal. The external is the outside makeup of a plant or animal.
Describe how plants adapt to their environment.
plants have adapted to be able to accommodate its surroundings. for example, a cactus has spines to protect itself from desert predators, and it typically grows in an area of the desert that will provide it with enough water to survive in the dry climate.
Describe how animals adapt to their environment.
Animals adapting to their own environment means to be able to survive the climatic conditions of the ecosystem, predators, and other species that complete for the same food and space. an adaptation is a modification or change in the organism’s body or behavior that helps it to survive. an animal may adapt to its habitat in different ways.
Describe how animals use their senses for survival .
To survive, animals have to sense their environment with body parts called sensory organs, such as eyes, ears,and noses… Many animals can sense tiny vibrations in the environment and use those to find prey or, if they are prey, detect predators.
What is weathering?
The breaking down of rock.
What is erosion?
The carrying away of rock.
Describe how weathering and erosion are important to changing land forms.
weathering breaks the rock down into smaller pieces, and erosion carries them away, this process changes/shapes the land and creates new land forms.
name and describe the 3 types of rocks.
igneous- rock that is created from magma; sedimentary- rock that is created by sediments cemented together in layers, and metamorphic- rock that is created by heat and pressure deep within earths surface.
describe why fossils are important.
fossils are important because they tell us about what the land was first like and the type of plants and animals that lived here during early times. it is also used for fossil fuels, heat, gas and oil.
Name and describe the 2 types of weathering.
Mechanical and Chemical Weathering. Mechanical weathering - when an object breaks down or changes slightly; Chemical weathering - when the object changes completing to another form or the chemical makeup (internal structure) of the object changes,
what is the difference between renewable and nonrenewable energy?
renewable energy is energy that can be used again. nonrenewable energy is energy that once it is used up, it cannot be replaced
what are some negative environmental impacts caused by people?
pollution; waste; oil spills; natural disasters.
what are some positive environmental impacts caused by humans?
use cars less; bike; walk; carpool; clean up after yourself; recycle; reduce; reuse; use alternative energy sources.
what is the difference between a natural hazard and a natural disaster?
natural hazard is a naturally occurring event; natural disaster is a natural occurring event that effects people.
how do earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes form?
tectonic plate movement.
how can you monitor earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis.
use instruments like, the DART system, seismograph, Richter scale, tilt meter ,study previous disaster, use seismic, gas,and ground deformation monitoring; use satellites/technology; and information tracking centers.l
