Science Injury Skills

Question 1

What is the Biopsychosocial Approach?

Answer 1

An integrated approach that considers biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding health and illness.

Question 2

What are the three designs of research/experimentation?

Answer 2

• Experimental
• Observational
• Qualitative

Question 3

What is an Independent Groups Design?

Answer 3

An experimental design where the experimenter manipulates the independent variable, with an experimental group having the IV manipulated and a control group remaining the same.

Question 4

What is a Matched Participants Design?

Answer 4

A design that seeks to eliminate differences between participants by allocating those with similar characteristics to each group.

Question 5

What is a Repeated Measures Design?

Answer 5

A design that uses one group of participants who are exposed to different experimental conditions.

Question 6

What is Naturalistic Observation?

Answer 6

Observing and recording variables of interest in a natural setting without interference or manipulation.

Question 7

True or False: Correlational studies can prove a cause and effect relationship.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What is a Longitudinal Design?

Answer 8

Researcher observes the same group of people and the variable over a long period of time.

Question 9

What is Cross-sectional Design?

Answer 9

A design where multiple groups of different ages are measured/studied at the same time.

Question 10

What are Sequential Designs?

Answer 10

Designs that include elements of both longitudinal and cross-sectional designs.

Question 11

What is Qualitative Design?

Answer 11

Participants discuss their thoughts or feelings about certain situations, allowing for in-depth expression.

Question 12

What is Content Analysis?

Answer 12

The study of documents and communication artifacts to examine patterns in communication systematically.

Question 13

What are the three methods of assessment in psychology?

Answer 13

• Objective Quantitative
• Subjective Quantitative
• Qualitative

Question 14

What is the difference between Objective and Subjective Quantitative Measures?

Answer 14

Objective measures generate numerical data that is not open to bias, while subjective measures assign numerical values based on personal judgments.

Question 15

What are some examples of Objective Quantitative Measures?

Answer 15

• Physiological measures (heart rate)
• Behaviour counts
• Scores on standardized intelligence tests

Question 16

What are Qualitative Measures?

Answer 16

Subjective assessments that consist of non-numerical data, often analyzed through content analysis.

Question 17

What is reliability in research?

Answer 17

The ability of a task/measure to yield similar results when repeated.

Question 18

What is validity in research?

Answer 18

Whether a task/measure accurately assesses what it claims to measure.

Question 19

What is a sample in psychological research?

Answer 19

A sub-group of the population chosen for research, which should represent the population as a whole.

Question 20

What are the types of sampling methods?

Answer 20

• Random sampling
• Convenience sampling
• Stratified sampling

Question 21

Why can a small sample size have a negative impact on results ?

Answer 21

A small sample size makes it difficult to generalize results to the larger population.

Question 22

What is the difference between Objective and Subjective data?

Answer 22

Objective data can be verified and is usually quantitative, while subjective data includes thoughts and feelings and is often qualitative.

Question 23

What is a Dependent Variable?

Answer 23

The variable that is measured in research; its value depends on the independent variable.

Question 24

What is an Independent Variable?

Answer 24

The variable that is deliberately manipulated by the researcher.

Question 25

What is an Extraneous Variable?

Answer 25

Any variable other than the independent variable that could cause unplanned changes in the dependent variable.

Question 26

What is the overarching principle of Ethics in research?

Answer 26

Minimize the risk of harm to participants.

Question 27

What is Informed Consent?

Answer 27

Participants must voluntarily agree to participate with full information about the research.

Question 28

True or False: Participants have the right to withdraw from a study at any time.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What are the vulnerable groups mentioned in ethical research?

Answer 29

- Children - Individuals with mental health issues - Elderly individuals

Question 30

What is the purpose of debriefing in research?

Answer 30

To explain the study's purpose and address any misconceptions after participation.

Question 31

Identify the research design: A psychologist wants to test whether listening to classical music while studying improves memory retention. She randomly assigns 50 students to either listen to classical music while studying or to study in silence. After one week, she gives both groups the same memory test and compares their scores.

Answer 31

Experimental Design (Independent Measures)

Question 32

Identify the research design: A psychologist wants to test whether caffeine affects reaction time. She has the same participants take a reaction time test twice—once after drinking coffee and once after drinking decaf—on different days.

Answer 32

Experimental Design (Repeated Measures)

Question 33

Identify the research design: A psychologist is interested in the impact of childhood trauma on adult relationships. She surveys a group of adults about their current relationships and retrospectively asks about their childhood experiences.

Answer 33

Correlational Study (because variables are measured but not manipulated)

Question 34

Identify the research design: A researcher wants to study how different teaching methods affect learning. She teaches one group of students using a lecture-based method and another group using an interactive method. Then, she tests both groups on the same material. She repeats this study with new students over five years.

Answer 34

Independent measures experimental Design (because different groups experience different teaching methods) Potential Overlap: Longitudinal (since the study is repeated over time).