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science knowledge for respiratory Flashcards

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1
Q

pneumonia is a

A

lower resp infection

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2
Q

pneumonia can lead to

A

type 1 resp failure

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3
Q

pneumonia causing organisms

A

hap - s aureus, gram -ve (most severe, causes abcess)
cap - strep pneumonia

can also get pneumonia from aspiration

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4
Q

can you get pneumonia from aspiration?

A

yes

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5
Q

pneumonia symptoms

A 
fever
rigor
fatigue
heamoptysis
chest pain
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6
Q

pneumonia tests to diagnose

A 
cxr
o2 sats
bloods
sputum
pleural effusion
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7
Q

pneumonia treatment

A 
02 at 94 or above
hydration
nutrition
AB
thromoprophylaxis
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8
Q

pneumonia severity scale and values

A 
CURB 65
c - confusion, <8
u - urea >7
r - RR >30
b - BP <90/60
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9
Q

curb scoring treatment

A

0-1 home, amox
1-2 hospital, amox
3 co amoxiclav

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10
Q

pneumonia treatment for atypical organisms

A

clarithromycin and amox/co-amox

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11
Q

complications from pneumonia

A
  1. parapneumonic pleural effusion
  2. lung absecess
  3. cancer
  4. resp failure
  5. hypotension
  6. AF
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12
Q

bronchial breathing sounds from

A

cavitation
consolidation
local fibrosis

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13
Q

what is bronchiectasis

A

chronic infection of bronchi

dilation of airways

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14
Q

causes of bronchiectasis

A 
H influenza
step penumonia
staph aureus
cf
measels
youngs syndrome
post infection
chlidhood infection
immune deficiency
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15
Q

test for diagnosing bronchiectasis

A

sputum
cxr
bronchoscopy

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16
Q

bronchiectasis treatment

A

chest drain
AB - at least 2 weeks
bronchodilation

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17
Q

bronchiectasis assoiciations

A

RA and IBD

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18
Q

pack year calculations

A

20 x number of years smoked

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19
Q

heart failure and breathlessness

A

breathless when lying down, when they sit up it gets better

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20
Q

to ask when they have orthopnea

A

ask how many pillows they use at night

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21
Q

scale to measure dysponea

A

mrc scale

  1. no problem
  2. sob on incline or hurrying
  3. walks slow, stops
  4. <100 yards
  5. too breathless, house bound
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22
Q

productive cough could mean

A

bronchiectasis

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23
Q

copd general

A
  • common, preventable, treatable
  • alveolar abnormalities cause by gases
  • persistent symptoms
  • airflow limitations
  • chronic dysponea
  • chronic sputum
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24
Q

copd rf

A
  • air pollution
  • smoke
  • low birth weight
  • 2nd hand smoke
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25
copd vs asthma main symptoms difference
``` COPD = breathless asthma = wheeze ```
26
copd diagnosing criteria
FEV <80 | FEV/FVC <70
27
two types of copd
1. chronic bronchitis | 2. emphysema
28
pink puffers
increased ventilation breathless not cynosed
29
blue bloater
decreased ventillation not breathless cyanosed
30
copd test findings
fbc cxr - hyperinflation 6 ribs above diaphragm ecg - RV + A hypertrophy spirometry
31
copd severity scale FEV1
<30 very severe <30-50 severe <50-80 moderate <80 mild
32
copd and 02 management
88-92 | above can lead to resp 2 failure, below would leave to pressure decrease
33
copd other managment
ventilator support fluid balance thromophylaxis
34
copd treatment
``` bronchodilators corticosteriods - 5-8 days, decrease inflam. AB if 2/3: mucolytics - breathless -sputum -change in colour ```
35
3 contributing factors to asthma
1. bronchus contraction 2. inflammation 3. mucus production
36
asthma symptoms
dysponea wheeze nocturnal cough sputum
37
tests to diagnose asthma
``` PERF - worse in AM spiro sputum FBC, U&E, CRP ABG - normal or low 02, low co2 ```
38
asthma management
1. short acting b agonist - symptoms relife 2. inhaled steroid 3. long acting b agonist 4. b agonist tablet 5. oral steriod
39
corticosteroid MOA
decrease mucus and inflammation
40
what does aminophyline do?
bronchodilation | increase cAMP levels
41
what is acute respiratory distress syndrome?
lung injury - inflammation and capillary permeability
42
causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome | - pulmonary and other
pulmonary: pneumonia other: septicemia, pancreatitis
43
symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome
cynosis, tachypnoea, tachycardia
44
investigation for acute respiratory distress syndrome
FBC, U&E, LFT, CRP, ABG, CXR, D-dimer
45
Type I resp failure
o2 <8 | co2 <6
46
Type II resp failure
02 <8 co2>6 hypercapnia
47
Type I resp causes
``` pneumonia odema PE asthma emphysema ```
48
Type II resp causes
asthma copd pneumonia drugs
49
hypoxia symptoms
dysponea restlessness agitation confusion
50
hypercapnia symptoms
headache vasodilation tachycardia
51
pulmonary embolism from
venous thrombosis in pelvis or leg
52
pulmonary embolism RF
``` recent travel thrombophilia leg fracture malignancy pregnancy ```
53
pulmonary embolism symptoms
``` breathless pleuritic chest pain leg swelling tachycardia tachypnea syncope cough ```
54
pulmonary embolism investigation findings
ABG - type 1 failure CXR - normal ECG - RBBB, or tachycardia
55
D dimer will ____ in thrombosis, malignancy and sepsis
increase
56
scoring system for pulmonary embolism
wells score
57
what is pleural effusion
fluid in pleural space
58
2 categories of pleural effusion
1. transudate | 2. exudate - proteins and high LDL
59
causes of pleural effusion
penumonia TB pulmonary infarcation RA
60
pleural effusion symptoms
stony dull percussions trachial deviation dysponea chest pain
61
pleural effusion investigation findings
CXR: blunted costaphrenic angels ultrasound: shows fluid aspiration
62
spontaneous pneumothroax causes
``` asthma copd penumonia lung abcess CF cancer ```
63
spontaneous pneumothroax symptoms
asymptomatic dysponea chest pain
64
spontaneous pneumothroax signs
decrease expansion hyperresonance percussion decrease breath sounds trachial deviation
65
hypercapnia symptoms
headache tachycardia vasodilation
66
hypoxia symptoms
breathlessness restlessness aggitation confusion
67
pulmonary embolism investigations
``` CT bloods d-dimer ABG ECG ```
68
pneumothroax and trachial deviation
away from affected side

respiratory (2 decks)

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