SCIENCE MONTHLY EXAM 1ST QUARTER

Question 1

The outermost layer of earth, it is where life exist. It is a less dense layer. 5 - 70 km thick.

Answer 1

CRUST

Question 2

the outermost layer of Earth’s lithosphere that makes up the planet’s continents and continental shelves

Answer 2

CONTINENTAL CRUST

Question 3

is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of the tectonic plates

Answer 3

OCEANIC CRUST

Question 4

continental crust is made out of ?

Answer 4

GRANITE

Question 5

oceanic crust is made out of?

Answer 5

BASALT

Question 6

it’s the Largest Layer of earth

Answer 6

MANTLE

Question 7

It is the only liquid layer of earth, also responsible for the magnetic field.

Answer 7

OUTER CORE

Question 8

the hottest layer of earth, it’s made of solid iron. 6000 celsius.

Answer 8

INNER CORE

Question 9

The outermost layer of the earth, A rigid layer that can break under stress.

Answer 9

LITHOSPHERE

Question 10

This is where two plates move away from each other. Molten rock from the mantle erupts along the opening, forming new crust.

Answer 10

DIVERGENT

Question 11

what are the 2 types of layers ?

Answer 11

MECHANICAL LAYERS
COMPOSITIONAL LAYERS

Question 12

it contains the same material as the mantle but pressure and heat are increased.

Answer 12

ASTHENOSPHERE

Question 13

Located between the crust and the upper mantle.

Answer 13

MOHORIVICIC DISCONTINUITY

Question 14

Located between the lower mantle and the outer core.

Answer 14

GUTENBERG DISCONTINUITY

Question 15

Located between the liquid outer core and solid inner core.

Answer 15

LEHMANN DISCONTINUITY

Question 16

Croatian geophysics concluded that the crust is less dense material and that the mantle consists of a denser material.

Answer 16

ANDRIJA MOHOROVICIC

Question 16

Croatian geophysics concluded that the crust is less dense material and that the mantle consists of a denser material.

Answer 16

ANDRIJA MOHOROVICIC

Question 17

detected by highly sensitive instruments called

Answer 17

SEISMOMETERS

Question 18

seismic waves are recorded by? or what instrument is used to record the seismic waves?

Answer 18

SEISMOGRAPHS

Question 19

travel through the inner layers of earth.

Answer 19

BODY WAVES

Question 20

travels through the surface of the earth.

Answer 20

SURFACE WAVES

Question 21

What are the 2 types of seismic waves?

Answer 21

BODY WAVES and SURFACE WAVES

Question 22

waves are the first to be felt on earth’s surface. Travels at speeds 1.5 and 8 kilometers per seconds. It shakes the ground back and forth. It can pass through solid and liquid sections. But retracts or bend as they pass through liquids.

Answer 22

P WAVES / PRIMARY WAVES

Question 23

type of body wave are are transverse waves,
Which are felt up and down motion. waves that cannot go through liquids.

Answer 23

S WAVES / SECONDARY WAVES

Question 24

This was the reason why scientist successfully learned about the structures of earth by?

Answer 24

SEISMIC WAVES

Question 25

What are the 2 types of BODY WAVES?

Answer 25

PRIMARY WAVES and SECONDARY WAVES

Question 26

Earth began as a single landmass or supercontinent called?

Answer 26

PANGEA

Question 27

This is one of the earliest theories on the changing geography and surface topography of earth was the

Answer 27

THE CONTRACTION THEORY

Question 28

who and when was the contraction theory proposed?

Answer 28

EDUARD SUESS in the Early 20th century

Question 29

This theory suggested that as earth cooled after its formation, it’s surface contracted and wrinkled.

Answer 29

THE CONTRACTION THEORY

Question 30

The supercontinent was surrounded by a vast sea or super ocean called?

Answer 30

PANTHALASSA

Question 31

The contraction theory was superseded by the theory

Answer 31

THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY BY ALFRED WEGENER

Question 32

When did Alfred Wegener Proposed the Continental Drift theory?

Answer 32

1912

Question 33

ALFRED WEGENER' OBSERVATIONS

Answer 33

The apparent fit of the eastern coastline of south america and western coastline of africa. Similarities of plant and animal fossils in South America and some parts of the African continent, which were separated by a vast ocean. Similarities in the sequences of rock layers of opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 34

the supercontinent would later break into 2 smaller continents and they are?

Answer 34

GONDWANA and LAURASIA

Question 35

Is composed of Africa, Antarctica, South America, Australia and the subcontinent of India.

Answer 35

GONDWANA

Question 36

was the precursor to Asia, North America and Europe.

Answer 36

LAURASIA

Question 37

the continental drift theory of Alfred wegeners' was coined by South African?

Answer 37

Alexander du Toit in 1937

Question 38

American geologist who proposed the seafloor spreading theory in the 1960’s.

Answer 38

HARRY HESS

Question 39

A professor and a geologist that predicts that the continents will reform into a supercontinent.

Answer 39

CHRISTOPHER SCOTESE

Question 40

either push tectonic plates toward one another or pull them apart.

Answer 40

DRIVING FORCES

Question 41

is caused by the rising of heat from the core toward the mantle

Answer 41

MANTLE CONVECTION

Question 42

It takes place when a subducting slab sinks into the hot mantle because of a difference in temperature.

Answer 42

SLAB PULL

Question 43

It occurs when the lithosphere is pushed up by the asthenosphere because of convection currents from the mantle.

Answer 43

RIDGE PUSH

Question 44

they act against the driving forces of plate tectonics

Answer 44

RESISTING FORCES

Question 45

occurs when a heavy plate is pulled into the mantle but resists subduction because of friction. This force opposes the slab pull.

Answer 45

COLLISIONAL RESISTANCE

Question 46

is the frictional force due to the opposing movement of plates moving past one another between two spreading centers.

Answer 46

TRANSFORM FAULT RESISTANCE

Question 47

this is what causes the plates to move.

Answer 47

FORCE

Question 48

is a region or deformed rocks?

Answer 48

OROGENIC BELT

Question 49

the lithosphere is composed of major and minor blocks called

Answer 49

TECTONIC PLATES

Question 50

THE CRUST

Answer 50

- SOLID ROCKS /AND OR GRANITIC ROCKS AND MINERALS - 5 to 70 KM THICK - ALUMINUM SILICATES, MAGNESIUM SILICATES ( DENSE BASALTIC ROCKS) - 200°C to 400°C

Question 51

THE MANTLE

Answer 51

- MOSTLY SOLID - FERRO-MAGNESIUM SILICATE ROCKS -2900 km thick -1000°C to 3700°C

Question 52

THE OUTER CORE

Answer 52

- ( MOLTEN ) NICKEL AND IRON - LIQUID IRON AND NICKEL - 2270 KM THICK - 3700°C to 4300°C

Question 53

THE INNER CORE

Answer 53

- SOLID IRON - IRON NICKEL - 1220 KM THICK - 6000°C

Question 54

is caused by the rising of heat from the core toward thr mantle

Answer 54

mantle convection

Question 55

it takes place when a subducting slab sinks into hot mantle because of a difference in temperature

Answer 55

Samp pull

Question 56

when the lithosphere is pushed up by thr aesthenosphere because of convection currents from the mantle

Answer 56

Ridge push

Question 57

it acts againts the driving forces of plate tectonics

Answer 57

Resisting forces

Question 58

when a heavy plate is pulled into the mantle but resists subduction because of frisction

Answer 58

collisional resistance

Question 59

is the frictional force due to the opposing movement of plates moving past one another between two spreading centers

Answer 59

transform fault

Question 60

this is where two plates moves away from each other

Answer 60

Divergent

Question 61

refers to the process of forming mountains and mountain ranges.

Answer 61

orogenesis

Question 62

is a combination of strike slip and dip slip

Answer 62

oblique-slip fault

Question 63

nearly vertical fault plaed or surfaces slide in parallel but oppostite directions

Answer 63

strike-slip fault

Question 64

refers to the movement of faults along the angle of the fault plane

Answer 64

Dip-slip

Question 65

the angle of movement is called

Answer 65

dip

Question 66

while the movment is called

Answer 66

slip

Question 67

dip slips are classified into two

Answer 67

normal fault and reverse fault

Question 68

it is a type of reverse fault where the angle of the dip is 45° or less

Answer 68

thrust fault

Question 69

the point within earth where rocks break and where seismic energy id first released

Answer 69

focus or hypocenter

Question 70

refers to the process of forming mountains and mountain ranges

Answer 70

orogenesis

Question 71

when a comtinental plate is subducted beneath another continental

Answer 71

fold mountains

Question 72

these structures accumulate lave flows

Answer 72

volcno mountain ranges

Question 73

rock erosion or weathering

Answer 73

erosion-formed mountain ranges

Question 74

upwraping of tectonic plates

Answer 74

dome mountain ranges

Question 75

the movement of faults causes tensional forces

Answer 75

fault block mountain ranges