Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Praxis > Science Praxis > Flashcards

Science Praxis Flashcards

1
Q

Crust

A

The outermost solid layer of Earth 0-100Km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mantle

A

Not liquid, some parts of the mantle can flow under certain conditions and changes in pressure. Mainly composed of aluminum and silicates 100-2900Km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Core

A

The innermost layer of the Earth. Outer core is liquid and the inner core is solid. Mainly composed of mickel and iron. 2900-6370Km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lithosphere

A

The outermost and most rigid mechanical layer of earth. The crust and the top of the mantle. 0-100Km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mesosphere

A

Beneath the asthenosphere it encompasses the lower mantle, where material still flows but at a much slower rate. 350-2900Km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Outer Core

A

A layer of liquid iron and nickel beneath the mesosphere. This is the only layer of the Earth that is a true liquid. 2900-5100Km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Inner Core

A

The Earth’s inner core is a solid ball. It is neither solid nor liquid and is considered super ionic. 5100-6370Km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hydrosphere

A

All the water on the earth in liquid form.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Biosphere

A

The global sum of all ecosystems and living organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cryosphere

A

The masses of frozen water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Atmosphere

A

The layer of the gases that surround the planet.
Nitrogen-78%
Oxygen-21%
Argon-.09%
Carbon Dioxide-.01%
Helium-small traces
Neon- small traces
Other gases-small traces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Layers of the atmosphere

A

Troposphere-0-12 Km above earth
Stratosphere- 12-50Km
Mesosphere- 50-80Km
Thermosphere-80-700Km
Exosphere-700-1000Km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mountains Formation

A

Formed as a result of Earth’s tectonic plates smashing together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Volcanoes Formation

A

Formed when magma from within Earth’s upper mantle erupts through the surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Canyons Formation

A

Formed by weathering and erosion caused by the movement of rivers. Also formed by tectonic activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Earthquakes

A

Caused when plates rub against each other in an opposite motion, and rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ring of Fire

A

A ring of volcanoes along the edge of the Pacific Ocean. They are a result of the subduction of oceanic plates beneath lighter continental plates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Primary Waves

A

These are the fastest waves and can travel through liquids, solids, and gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Secondary Waves

A

These travel through Earth’s Interior at about half the speed. They can travel through rock but cannot travel through liquids or gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Surface Waves

A

These only move on the Earth’s Surface and are the slowest waves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tsunamis

A

Giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Divergent plate movement

A

Pulling Apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Convergent plate movement

A

Coming together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Subduction

A

Sideways and downward movement of the edge of the plate into the mantle beneath the other plate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Soil layers

A

Topsoil
Subsoil
Bedrock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The Water Cycle

A

Precipitation is rain or snow
Evaporation is when the water turns from a liquid to a gas
Condensation is when water vapor turns back into a liquid
Transpiration is when plants suck water from roots to the small pores of the leaves to send water vapor back into the atmosphere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Hadean

A

4.5 Billion Earth was formed out of debris around the solar system. Temperatures are hot with frequent volcanic eruptions. The moon is formed around this time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Archean

A

2.5 Billion Prokaryote life, the first form of life, emerges. The atmosphere is composed of volcanic and greenhouse gases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Proterozoic

A

541 million Eukaryotes, a more complex form of life emerges, including some multicellular organisms. Bacteria begins to produce oxygen, shaping the third and current atmosphere of earth. Plants, animals and fungi begin to appear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Phanerozoic

A

Complex life, including vertebrates, begin to dominate earth. Humans join the earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Igneous rocks

A

Made from:lava, magma
Looks like: glassy, smooth, gas bubble holes, random arrangement of minerals
Examples: Granite obsidion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Metamorphic Rocks

A

Made from: heat pressure
Looks like: sparkly crystals, ribbon-like layers
Examples: marble, slate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Sedimentary Rocks

A

Made from: deposition, cementation
Looks like: sand grains or visible pebbles, fossils may be visible
Examples: sandstone, limestone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Solar System

A

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn-Is closest in size and density to earth
Uranus
Neptune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Comets

A

A chunk ice and rock originating outside of the solar system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Asteroids

A

A chunk of rock and metal in orbit in between Mars and Jupiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Meteorite

A

A small asteroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Light Year

A

A unit of astronomical distance equal to the distance light travels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Speed of light

A

300,000 km/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Fall-Autumn Equinox

A

Date in the fall when Earth experiences 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness. Around September 23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Summer-Solstice

A

Earth’s maximum tilt is towards the sun causing the longest period of light in the Northern hemisphere. Occurs around June 22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Spring-Vernal Equinox

A

12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness in the spring. Occurs around March 21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Winter-Solstice

A

The North Pole is tilted furthest from the sun,causing the shortest period of daylight. Occurs around December 21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

The Moon

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Stars

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Lunar Eclipse

A

moon-earth-sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Solar eclipse

A

Earth-moon-sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Earth Patterns

A

Rotation on its axis every 24 hours
Rotation around the sun every 365 days

49
Q

Earth Cycles

A

the suns rotation causes day,night, weather and seasons

50
Q

Structure of living things

A

Cells-Tissues-Organs-Organ system-Organisms

51
Q

Prokaryote

A

A unicellular organism that lacks a nusleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle. DNA floats freely. Divided into archaea and bacteria

52
Q

Eukaryote

A

A multicellular organism that contains a nucleus, mitochondria, and membrane-bound organelles

53
Q

Bacteria v.s virus

A

Bacteria- Harmless
Virus- causes diseases

54
Q

Plant Cell

A

Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Photosynthesis

55
Q

Animal Cell

A

Plasma Membrane
No Chloroplast
Cellular Respiration

56
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

The process of taking food in the form of carbohydrates, making energy in the form of ATP, and removing waste.
Glucose+Oxygen->Carbon Dioxide+Water+Energy

57
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process of using Carbon Dioxide, water and sunlight and turning them into carbohydrates.
Carbon Dioxide + Water+ Sunlight->Glucose+Oxygen

58
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Binary Fission is when a singular parent cell doubles its DNA, then divides into two cells. Occurs in Bacteria
Budding is when a small growth on the surface of the parent breaks off and continues growing into adulthood. Occurs in yeast and some animals
Fragmentation is when a piece of an organism breaks off, and those pieces develop into a new organism. Occurs in starfish.
Parthenogenesis is when an embryo develops from an unfertilized cell. Occurs in invertabrates.

59
Q

Mitosis

A

A process in creating an identical cell from another cell

60
Q

Interphase

A

The cell prepares for division.It plumps up and replicates its DNA within its nucleus

61
Q

Prophase

A

The DNA tightly coils into chromosomes to make splitting efficient. The nuclear membrane dissolves.The microtubes or spindle fibers move to opposites sides of the cell.

62
Q

Metaphase

A

The chromosomes move to the middle of the cell. The Spindle fibers attach to each chromosome.

63
Q

Anaphase

A

The spindle fibers begin to pull apart the chromosomes, bringing them to opposite sides of the cell for efficient splitting.

64
Q

Telophase

A

With the chromosomes on either side of the cell, the two cells pinch off, forming two identical sister cells of the original cells. Cytokinesis is when the cell separates into two cells during the final stage of mitosis.

65
Q

Meiosis

A

Ensures that humans have the same number of chromosomes in each generation.

66
Q

Trisomy

A

When an extra chromosome is attached to a cell.

67
Q

DNA

A

The hereditary material in living organisms

68
Q

Amino Acids

A

Organic compounds that form proteins

69
Q

DNA Replication

A
  1. The DNA unzips
  2. Free -flowing nucleotides bind to the unzipped portion of the DNA
  3. Two identical DNA strands are the result
70
Q

Alleles

A

Forms of the same gene with slight differences.
Dominance-is when the gene is stronger then the other gene

71
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

Father of Genetics did the pea plant experience

72
Q

Metamorphosis

A

The process of transportation from an immature form to an adult form.

73
Q

Complete metamorphosis

A

The insect goes through four stages: egg, larva, pupa, imago

74
Q

Incomplete metamorphosis

A

The insect hatches from an egg and then goes through several nymphal stages

75
Q

Evolution

A

A change that happens over thousands of years

76
Q

Adaptation

A

the distribution of traits in the population that can change with environmental conditions.

77
Q

Mutations

A

Changes in the DNA molecule caused by mistakes during cell division or exposure to environmental factors.

78
Q

Cold Blooded Organisms

A

Animals that have a body temperature varying with that of the environment. Amphibians, reptiles

79
Q

Warm-blooded Organisms

A

Animals that maintain a constant body temperature, regardless of the environment.

80
Q

Open Circulatory System

A

The blood is pumped into the body cavity and is not enclosed on blood vessels. Most invetabrates

81
Q

Closed Circulatory System

A

The blood is pumped by the heart and is enclosed in blood vessels

82
Q

Circulatory and Respiratory System

A

Heart, Lungs, Arteries, veins, coronary and portal veins

83
Q

Digestive and Excretory System

A

Gastrointestinal tract, bladder, colon,kidneys

84
Q

Nervous,Endocrine,and Immune system

A

Brain, Spinal Cord, neurons and hormones

85
Q

Species

A

A group of interbreeding organisms that do not ordinally breed with numbers of other groups. Examples: Polar Bears live largely with the Artic Circle

86
Q

Populations

A

Comprises all the individuals of a given species ina specific area or region at a certain time

87
Q

Communities

A

All the populations in a specific region at a certain time

88
Q

Ecosystems

A

The dynamic entities are composed of the biological and abiotic environment.

89
Q

Producers

A

Produce their own food

90
Q

Consumers

A

Eat their food. There are four main groups:
Primary-Consumers are herbivores. They eat plants
Secondary-Consumers eat the primary consumer
Tertiary-Consumers eat the secondary consumer
Quaternary-Consumers eat the tertiary condumer

91
Q

Decomposers

A

These consumers turn dead material into soil to gain nutrients

92
Q

Competition

A

When two or more organisms rely on the same environmental resource

93
Q

Predation

A

Behavior of one animal feeding on another

94
Q

Symbiosis

A

The close relationship of two dissimilar organisms

95
Q

Mutualism

A

A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit

96
Q

Commensalism

A

A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and one does not but is unharmed.

97
Q

Parasitism

A

A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and one is harmed.

98
Q

Colloid mixture

A

a mixture in which one substance consisting of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance.

99
Q

Suspension

A

Contains solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation.

100
Q

Solutions

A

The dissolving agent is the solvent

101
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged circling around the atoms nucleus

102
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutrally charged that are located inside the nucleus

103
Q

Protons

A

Positively charged located inside the nucleus

104
Q

Cohesion

A

When a water droplet combines with another droplet

105
Q

Adhesion

A

Water sticking to roots

106
Q

High-Specific Heat

A

This allows water to moderate temperature

107
Q

High heat of evaporation

A

When humans sweat

108
Q

Lower density of ice

A

Water is less dense than ice

109
Q

High polarity

A

This makes water a powerful solvent

110
Q

Compounds

A

Composed of two or more elements

111
Q

Ions

A

Charged elements or molecules that have lost or gained a one or more electrons

112
Q

Isotopes

A

Two or more forms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

113
Q

Aquifers

A

Are bodies of rock that hold water under the bedrock

114
Q

Gravity

A

Responsible for rotation of Earth on its axis

115
Q

Carl Linnaeus

A

Responsible for the classification of living organisms

116
Q

Conductors

A

Wire, Metal, and Water

117
Q

Insulators

A

Rubber, Cloth, Styrofoam

118
Q

Reactivity

A

increases as you move to the left on the periodic table

119
Q

Periodic Table

A

Groups-Cokumnd
Periods-Rows
Metals- Shiny
Nonmetals-Dull
Metalloid-Dull
Noble Gases-Last column on the right of the table

Praxis (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions