Science Section I

Question 1

What is a coronal mass ejection?

Answer 1

a burst of plasma from the Sun

Question 2

What event occurred in 1859 regarding the Sun?

Answer 2

a coronal mass ejection

Question 3

What usually absorbs most of what space throws at Earth?

Answer 3

the Earth’s atmosphere and magnetic field

Question 4

What was special about the coronal mass ejection in 1859?

Answer 4

it was unusually strong

Question 5

Where does aurora borealis occur?

Answer 5

the high latitudes near the North pole

Question 6

Where does aurora australis occur?

Answer 6

the Southern Hemisphere

Question 7

What was the result of the coronal mass ejection in 1859?

Answer 7

aurora could be seen in the tropics and telegraph wires all over the US caught fire

Question 8

What caused the telegraph wires in the US to catch fire during the coronal mass ejection in 1859?

Answer 8

an intense electromagnetic field

Question 9

What does CME stand for?

Answer 9

coronal mass ejection

Question 10

How would the effect change if a CME like that one occurred today?

Answer 10

it would be much more catastrophic

Question 11

What is our civilization powered by?

Answer 11

electricity

Question 12

What century saw a great in our understanding of electricity and how it can be harnessed and controlled?

Answer 12

the 19th century

Question 13

At the start of the 20s, what percent of homes had electricity?

Answer 13

1 in 3; 33%

Question 14

By the end of the 20s, what percent of homes had electricity?

Answer 14

70%

Question 15

When did radios become widely available?

Answer 15

1923

Question 16

In 1914, what percent of manufacturing was electrified?

Answer 16

30%

Question 17

In 1929, what percent of manufacturing was electrified?

Answer 17

70%

Question 18

What did electricity in manufacturing allow for?

Answer 18

the mass production of goods

Question 19

What was the force created when rubbing certain materials together called?

Answer 19

electric force

Question 20

Who called this force electric force?

Answer 20

William Gilbert

Question 21

When did William Gilbert coin the term electric force?

Answer 21

1600

Question 22

William Gilbert coined electric force while experimenting with what?

Answer 22

amber

Question 23

What is the Greek word for amber?

Answer 23

elektron

Question 24

What is required to know the underlying cause of electric force?

Answer 24

an understanding of the fundamental properties of matter

Question 25

In Western thought for centuries, everything was thought to be the result of the combination of what materials?

Answer 25

earth, air, fire, and water

Question 26

Why can't an element cannot be made of anything?

Answer 26

because everything is made of it.

Question 27

What is water made of?

Answer 27

hydrogen and oxygen

Question 28

In philosophy, why is an element fundamental?

Answer 28

because an element cannot be made of anything because everything is made of it.

Question 29

Are elements really fundamental?

Answer 29

technically no because smaller things make them up

Question 30

Each of the elements are made up of a different type of what?

Answer 30

atom

Question 31

The word atom is Greek for what?

Answer 31

indivisible

Question 32

In what other country was Benjamin Franklin very popular?

Answer 32

France

Question 33

What is a Leyden jar?

Answer 33

a device that can store electricity and deliver an electric shock to anyone who touches it

Question 34

What important discovery had Franklin made in electrical charge?

Answer 34

that electrical charge is conserved, it can't be created or destroyed

Question 35

On the subject of electricity, what is Franklin best known for?

Answer 35

his experiments with kites and thunderstorms

Question 36

What are atoms composed of?

Answer 36

3 different types of particles

Question 37

What is a particle in physics?

Answer 37

a fundamental piece of matter of which everything else is made

Question 38

We can visualize atoms as a miniature version of ________ ________.

Answer 38

solar system

Question 39

What is at the center of an atom?

Answer 39

the nucleus

Question 40

What particles is the nucleus composed of?

Answer 40

protons and neutrons

Question 41

How are protons and neutrons similar?

Answer 41

they have nearly the same mass

Question 42

What is mass measured in?

Answer 42

kilograms

Question 43

What has the mass of a kilogram?

Answer 43

1 liter of water

Question 44

What is the mass of a typical adult human?

Answer 44

60-70 kg

Question 45

What is mass sometimes referred to in terms of?

Answer 45

inertia

Question 46

What is inertia?

Answer 46

resistance to changes in motion

Question 47

What is the third type of particle, excluding protons and neutrons?

Answer 47

the electron

Question 48

Where are electrons found in the atom?

Answer 48

orbiting the nucleus on the outer area

Question 49

Do most atoms have the same number of protons and electrons?

Answer 49

Yes

Question 50

How many protons and electrons does Hydrogen typically have?

Answer 50

1 proton and usually 1 electron

Question 51

What number is Hydrogen on the periodic table?

Answer 51

1

Question 52

What number is Oxygen on the periodic table?

Answer 52

8

Question 53

How many protons and electrons does oxygen typically have?

Answer 53

8 protons and usually 8 electrons

Question 54

What is an element defined by?

Answer 54

its number of protons

Question 55

What does electricity primarily involve?

Answer 55

the movement of electrons

Question 56

True or False: Neutrons do not play a role in electricity at all.

Answer 56

True

Question 57

Why do neutrons not play a role in electricity at all?

Answer 57

because they don't have an electrical charge

Question 58

This particle type has a positive electrical charge and this particle type has a negative electrical charge.

Answer 58

proton and electron

Question 59

What charges attract?

Answer 59

opposite charges

Question 60

What charges repel?

Answer 60

negative charges

Question 61

What is the strength of a force measured in?

Answer 61

Newtons

Question 62

What does Newton’s first law of motion state?

Answer 62

an object’s inertia will allow it to keep going as long as there are no forces to stop it

Question 63

Why are protons and electrons pulled equally by their electrical attraction?

Answer 63

because they have the same amount of charge

Question 64

Why don't protons and electrons have the same acceleration?

Answer 64

because the mass of a proton is over a thousand times the mass of an electron

Question 65

How does the mass of a proton relate to the mass of an electron?

Answer 65

the mass of a proton is over a thousand times the mass of an electron

Question 66

Are protons and neutrons truly fundamental?

Answer 66

No, since they are made up of even smaller particles

Question 67

What are protons and neutrons made up of?

Answer 67

particles known as quarks

Question 68

Are electrons truly fundamental?

Answer 68

Yes

Question 69

What does the prefix kilo mean?

Answer 69

1,000 of that unit

Question 70

Abbreviation for kilo

Answer 70

k

Question 71

Abbreviation for mega

Answer 71

M

Question 72

Abbreviation for centi

Answer 72

c

Question 73

Abbreviation for milli

Answer 73

m

Question 74

Abbreviation for micro

Answer 74

μ

Question 75

Abbreviation for nano

Answer 75

n

Question 76

Value of kilo (k)

Answer 76

1,000, or 10^3

Question 77

Value of mega (M)

Answer 77

1,000,000 or 10^6

Question 78

Value of centi (c)

Answer 78

0.01, or 10^-2

Question 79

Value of milli (m)

Answer 79

0.001, or 10^-3

Question 80

Value of micro (μ)

Answer 80

0.000001, or 10^-6

Question 81

Value of nano

Answer 81

0.000000001, or 10^-9

Question 82

How many fundamental forces are in the universe?

Answer 82

4

Question 83

What are the fundamental forces of the universe?

Answer 83

electricity, strong and weak nuclear forces in the nucleus, and gravity

Question 84

What is a strong nuclear force?

Answer 84

the force that keeps protons and neutrons within the nucleus

Question 85

What is a weak nuclear force?

Answer 85

the force that transforms particles into other particles, mainly involved in radioactive decay

Question 86

What is a weak nuclear force mainly involved in?

Answer 86

radioactive decay

Question 87

What is a gravity?

Answer 87

a force that pulls mass toward other mass.

Question 88

What does the strength of gravity depend on?

Answer 88

the masses of the 2 objects and their distance apart

Question 89

What is the equation for gravitational force?

Answer 89