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Freshman Midterms > science semester exam 4 > Flashcards

science semester exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

the study of nature

A

science

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2
Q

the study of matter and energyphysical science

A

physical science

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3
Q

anything that has mass and takes up space

A

matter

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4
Q

the ability to do work or cause change

A

energy

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5
Q

the amount of matter in an object

A

mass

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6
Q

the transfer of energy in which a force is put on an object moves in the direction of the force

A

work

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7
Q

Scientific Methoda set of steps used to solve a problem

A

Scientific Method

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8
Q

Hypothesisan educated guess made from previous observations and knowledge

A

Hypothesis

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9
Q

the amount of space an object takes up

A

Volume

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10
Q

any factor that can change in the results of an experiment

A

variable

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11
Q

technologythe application of science to help people

A

technology

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12
Q

an explanation of an event based on observations and experiment

A

theory

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13
Q

a statement that tells what happens in an event

A

law

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14
Q

temperaturethe measure of kinetic energy of the atoms in an object

A

temperature

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15
Q

the mass per unit volume of a material

A

density

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16
Q

something created to represent an idea

A

model

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17
Q

a visual display of information used to explain an idea or concept

A

graph

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18
Q

the distance an object travels over a period of time

A

speed

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19
Q

the distance and object travels over time and the objects direction

A

velocity

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20
Q

accelerationthe change of velocity of an object over time

A

acceleration

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21
Q

the acceleration of a falling object due to gravity in a vacuum

A

g

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22
Q

a property of an object based on the objects mass and velocity

A

momentum

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23
Q

any object thrown/shot through the air

A

projectile

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24
Q

a force between any objects dependent on the mass of the objects. also defined as a downward force on all objects

A

gravity

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25
Q

a push or pull on an object

A

force

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26
Q

is equal in force but opposite directions

A

balanced forces

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27
Q

a force that is greater in one direction

A

unbalanced forces

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28
Q

the sum of all forces acting on an object

A

net force

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29
Q

the force that opposes the motion between two surfaces in contact

A

friction

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30
Q

the resistance of an object to any change in its motion ( frequently talked about with Newtons 1st law of motion)

A

inertia

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31
Q

when an object falls free from air resistance

A

free fall

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32
Q

the measurement of gravitational force on an objects mass

A

weight

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33
Q

a force from the center that makes an object move in a curved or circular path

A

centripetal force

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34
Q

a device used to make work easier

A

machine

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35
Q

the rate at which work is done

A

power

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36
Q

a measure of how much work put into a machine is changed into useful work output by the machine

A

efficiency

37
Q

a theoretical machine in which the amount of work put into a machine is equal to the amount of work you get out of the machine

A

ideal machine

38
Q

a machines ability to make work easier by making output force greater than input force

A

mechanical advantage

39
Q

the energy of an object due to the objects motion

A

kinetic energy

40
Q

the energy of an object at rest or energy stored by an object

A

potential energy

41
Q

a unit that measures the energy in food

A

calorie

42
Q

the total energy of an object, including both kinetic (temperature) and potential(mass)

A

thermal energy

43
Q

the production or energy from the collisions between the nuclei or atoms

A

nuclear fusion

44
Q

the production or energy from the splitting of uranium or atoms

A

nuclear fission

45
Q

energy sources within the earth formed from the decay of plants and animals from millions of years ago

A

fossil fuels

46
Q

energy resources that can be produced as quickly as they are used

A

renewable energy resource

47
Q

energy resources that are used up quicker than they can be made

A

non-renewable energy resources

48
Q

devices that convert light energy to electricity

A

photovoltaic cells

49
Q

formula for speed

A

s= d/t

50
Q

formula for acceleration

A

a= change in velocity / time

51
Q

formula for momentum

A

p= w x t

52
Q

formula for force

A

f=m x a

53
Q

formula for weight

A

w= m x g

54
Q

formula for power

A

P= w / t

55
Q

formula for work

A

W= f x d

56
Q

formula for efficiency

A

Wout / Win x 100

57
Q

formula for mechanical advantage

A

ma= Fout / Fin

58
Q

SI unit measure of length

A

meter

59
Q

SI unit measure of mass

A

gram

60
Q

SI unit measure of volume

A

kiloliters

61
Q

SI unit measure of density

A

Kg/m³

62
Q

SI unit measure of time

A

second/ minute

63
Q

SI unit measure of temperatue

A

kelvin

64
Q

SI unit measure of speed

A

m/s

65
Q

SI unit measure of acceleration

A

m/s² + direction

66
Q

SI unit measure of force

A

Newton

67
Q

SI unit measure of weight

A

Newton

68
Q

SI unit measure of work

A

joules

69
Q

SI unit measure of energy

A

joules

70
Q

SI unit measure of power

A

watts

71
Q

law of conservation of energy

A

energy can neither be created nor destroyed - only converted from one form of energy to another

72
Q

1 inch = ____ cm

A

2.54 centimeters

73
Q

1 meter = ____ yds

A

1.09 yards

74
Q

1 mile = ___ km

A

1.61 kilometers

75
Q

1 oz = ___ g

A

28.35 grams

76
Q

1 kilogram = ___ lbs

A

2.2 pounds

77
Q

1 liter = ___ qts

A

1.06 quarts

78
Q

1 gallon = ____ liters

A

3.78 liters

79
Q

Newtons 1st law

A

An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion at constant speed and in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force

80
Q

Newtons 2nd law

A

F= m x a

81
Q

Newtons 3rd law

A

for every action (force) in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction

82
Q

how efficient are photovoltaic cells

A

15-20 %

83
Q

how efficient is hydroelectric power

A

70%

84
Q

how efficient are wind turbines

A

30-45%

85
Q

how efficient is geothermal energy

A

12-20%

86
Q

how efficient is biomass

A

20%

87
Q

5 types of renewable energy resources

A

solar, hydroelectricity, wind, geothermal, biomass

88
Q

what % of energy of the US is using solar

A

3%

89
Q

what % of energy of the US is using hydroelectric

A

7.4%

Freshman Midterms (4 decks)

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