Science Skills Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is the investigation methodology?
The style in which data is gathered.
What is a case study?
An investigation method that involves the study of an individual or a small group.
What is a correlational study?
An investigation method that studies the relationships between uncontrolled variables.
What is a literature review?
An investigation method where the investigator collects and analyses secondary data.
What is fieldwork?
An investigation method that involves observation of subjects outside of a controlled environment.
What is a controlled experiment?
An investigation that serves the purpose of studying the effect of a singular independent variable on a dependent variable.
What’s an independent variable?
A variable that is intentionally manipulated.
What is a dependent variable?
What is measured.
What is a controlled variable?
A variable that is kept controlled, and held constant.
What is an extraneous variable?
A variable that is not the IV, but may affect the DV if not monitored.
What is a confounding variable?
A variable that is not the IV and has affected the DV.
What is a within-subjects design?
All participants are in both the experimental and control group.
What is a between-subjects design?
Participants are either in the control or experimental group.
What is a mixed design?
A blend of with and between designs. Participants are in either the control or experimental group, however, the results are measured over time.
What are random errors?
Errors that affect the precision of measurements.
What are personal errors?
Mistakes made by the researcher.
What are systematic errors?
Errors that cause the accuracy of measurements to differ from the true value.
What are outliers?
Data values that lie a long way from other results.
What is a true value?
The value/range of values that would be found if the value could be measured perfectly.
What is accuracy?
How close a measurement is to the true value.
What is precision?
How closely the data gathered agree with each other.
What is validity?
If the study/tool measures what it is supposed to be measuring.
What is internal validity?
If the investigation investigates what it claims to investigate.
What is external validity?
When the results can be applied to similar individuals in a similar setting.
