Science - Solutions; Acids and Bases

Question 1

What is a state of matter?

Answer 1

A physical form in which a substance can exist.

Question 2

What is a solid?

Answer 2

A state of matter that has a definite shape and volume.

Question 3

What are the particles doing in a solid?

Answer 3

They’re all locked in close really close to each other.

Question 4

What is a liquid?

Answer 4

A state of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container.

Question 5

What are the particles doing in a liquid?

Answer 5

They move fast enough to overcome some of the attractions between them.

Question 6

What is a gas?

Answer 6

A state of matter that has no definite shape or volume.

Question 7

What are the particles doing in a gas?

Answer 7

They’re moving quickly so they can break away from one another.

Question 8

What is a change of state?

Answer 8

The change of a substance from one physical form to another.

Question 9

What is the definition of melting?

Answer 9

When a solid becomes a liquid by adding energy

Question 10

What is the definition of freezing?

Answer 10

When a liquid becomes a solid by subtracting energy

Question 11

What is the definition of evaporation?

Answer 11

The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas by adding energy

Question 12

What is the definition of condensation?

Answer 12

The change of state from a gas to a liquid from subtracting energy

Question 13

What is the definition of sublimation?

Answer 13

The process in which a solid changes directly into a gas.

Question 14

What are the gas laws?

Answer 14

A group of laws that govern the behavior of gases.

Question 15

What is Boyle’s law?

Answer 15

The relationship between the pressure and the volume of a gas

Question 16

What is Charles’s law?

Answer 16

The relationship between volume and temperature.

Question 17

What is Gay-Lussac’s law?

Answer 17

Gives the relationship between temperature and pressure at a constant volume.

Question 18

What is a solution?

Answer 18

A mixture that has the same color, composition, density, and even taste throughout.

Question 19

What is a solute?

Answer 19

The substance being dissolved.

Question 20

What is a solvent?

Answer 20

The substance doing the dissolving.

Question 21

Why is water considered polar?

Answer 21

Because they have a positive area and negative area.

Question 22

How do you increase the rate of dissolving?

Answer 22

By stirring the solution, adding heat to it, and grinding/grounding the solute.

Question 23

What is solubility?

Answer 23

The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent.

Question 24

What is concentration in a solution?

Answer 24

A solution with a large amount of solute that is dissolved in the solvent.

Question 25

What is the difference between saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated?

Answer 25

Saturated solutions have the max amount of solute they can hold. Unsaturated ones can dissolve more solute, they have more space for extra solvent in them. Supersaturated solutions hold more solute than a saturated one.

Question 26

How do you increase the solubility of gases?

Answer 26

Increasing the gas pressure over the gas, and decreasing the volume of the container.

Question 27

What are electrolytes?

Answer 27

Compounds that produce solution ions that conduct electricity in water.

Question 28

What are non polar materials?

Answer 28

Materials that have no separated positive and negative areas.

Question 29

How does air qualify as a solution?

Answer 29

It's a homogeneous mixture of many different gases which makes it qualify as a solution.

Question 30

What does the dissolving of a solid by water depend upon?

Answer 30

They depend upon the collisions that occur between the solvent molecules and the particles in the solid crystal.

Question 31

What is Re-crystallization?

Answer 31

The process of dissolved solute returning to the solid state.

Question 32

What are acids?

Answer 32

Any compound that increases the number of hydrogen (hydronium) ions when dissolved in water.

Question 33

What are the properties of acids?

Answer 33

Have a sour flavor Change color in indicators React with metals Conduct electric currents Are corrosive Turn litmus paper red

Question 34

What are bases?

Answer 34

Any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.

Question 35

What are the properties of bases?

Answer 35

Have a bitter flavor Have a slippery feel Change color in indicators conduct electric currents Turn litmus paper blue

Question 36

What determines if an acid is strong or weak?

Answer 36

The number of molecules that break apart when acid is dissolved in water.

Question 37

What determines if a base is strong or weak?

Answer 37

When all molecules of a base break off, it's strong, but when few molecules break off, it's weak.

Question 38

What is a neutralization reaction?

Answer 38

The reaction of an acid and a base to form a neutral solution of water and a salt.

Question 39

What is pH?

Answer 39

A value that is used to express the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a system.

Question 40

How do you use the pH scale?

Answer 40

Under the pH of 7, the graph increases in acidity and over the pH of 7, it increases in basicity.

Question 41

What do acids produce?

Answer 41

Hydrogen ions (H+)

Question 42

What do bases produce?

Answer 42

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

Question 43

What are pH indicators?

Answer 43

Are chemicals that change color depending on the pH of the solution.

Question 44

What are all the pH indicators?

Answer 44

Litmus Paper Universal Indicator(s) Phenolphthalein bromothymol blue Indigo carmine Methyl orange Methyl red

Question 45

What is conductivity in a solution?

Answer 45

The measure of a solutions's ability to conduct electricity.

Question 46

What indicates if something is a weak acid or base?

Answer 46

If they can conduct electricity or not, which varies from little to major.

Question 47

What is a solubility curve?

Answer 47

Shows the amount of dissolved solute changes with temperature.

Question 48

What are atoms doing in the solid state of matter?

Answer 48

They're being held together in a rigid structure

Question 49

What are atoms doing in the liquid state of matter?

Answer 49

Inter-molecular forces hold the atoms more molecules loosely together.

Question 50

What are atoms doing in the gas phase?

Answer 50

Atoms and molecules experience their greatest freedom.

Question 51

What is a mixture?

Answer 51

A material that is made up of two or more different substances that has a uniform composition.

Question 52

What is the triple point?

Answer 52

Represents the point that facilitates all phases of matter.